Galeazzi fracture.

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Abstract

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 16. J ISAKOS. 2024 Dec;9(6):100290. doi: 10.1016/j.jisako.2024.06.009. Epub 2024 Jun 21. Partial subscapularis tear: State-of-the-art. Garg AK(1), Meena A(2), Farinelli L(3), D'Ambrosi R(4), Tapasvi S(5), Braun S(6). Author information: (1)All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India. (2)Division of Orthopedics, Shalby Multi-Specialty Hospital, Jaipur, India; Gelenkpunkt-Sports and Joint Surgery, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Innsbruck, Austria; Research Unit for Orthopaedic Sports Medicine and Injury Prevention (OSMI), Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Innsbruck, Austria. Electronic address: ameena@uwo.ca. (3)Clinical Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy. (4)IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi - Sant'Ambrogio, Milan, Italy; Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Milan, Italy. (5)The Orthopaedic Speciality Clinic, Pune, India. (6)Gelenkpunkt-Sports and Joint Surgery, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Innsbruck, Austria; Research Unit for Orthopaedic Sports Medicine and Injury Prevention (OSMI), Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Innsbruck, Austria. The subscapularis (SSC) muscle is a crucial anterior glenohumeral stabilizer and internal rotator of the shoulder joint. The partial tears of the SSC might result from traumatic injury or intrinsic degeneration. Partial SSC tears can range in severity and be classified into different categories based on the location of the tear, size of the lesion, and associated pathology. The tear usually begins from the superolateral margin in the first facet and propagates downwards. It is frequently associated with biceps pathology or anterosuperior lesions. These tears are now increasingly recognized as distinct pathology that requires specific diagnostic and management approaches. The current management approaches are shifting towards operative, as partial SSC tears are increasingly recognized as a distinct pathology. At present, there is no consensus regarding the timing of repair, but the relative tendency of the SSC to retract much faster than other rotator cuff muscles, and difficulty in mobilization, advocates an early repair for SSC irrespective of the lesion size. An associated biceps pathology can be treated with either tenotomy (biceps delamination/erosion) or tenodesis. The techniques of partial SSC repair are constantly improving. There is no reported difference in use of 2-anchor-based conventional single-row (SR), a 3-anchor-based interconnected double-row technique, or a 2-anchor-based interconnected hybrid double-row construct in the repair construct. However, the 2-anchor-based interconnected double-row provides an advantage of better superolateral coverage with leading-edge protection, as it helps in placing the superolateral anchor superior and lateral to the original footprint. A timely intervention and restoration of the footprint will help restore and rehabilitate the shoulder. Future directions should prioritise injury prevention, early diagnosis with clinic-radiological cues and targeted interventions to mitigate risk. Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.jisako.2024.06.009