Skin irritation in children undergoing orthodontic facemask therapy.

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Abstract

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no competing interests. 2. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2016 Aug;28(4):483-9. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000376. Diagnosis and management of hair loss in children. Castelo-Soccio L(1). Author information: (1)The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania Perlman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Hair loss is common in infants and children and the ability to distinguish why a child is losing hair enables providers to distinguish hair loss that is related to infection, autoimmune conditions, nutrition, medications, trauma/traction, or underlying genetic disorders such as ectodermal dysplasias. Making these distinctions leads to best management and guidance for patients and their families. RECENT FINDINGS: Careful physical examination of the hair, scalp, skin, and nails coupled with dermoscopy or trichoscopy, or both, can yield more accurate and faster diagnosis. Biopsy is rarely needed in children for hair loss conditions. SUMMARY: Hair loss, particularly on the scalp, can affect all ages and can impact patients socially and emotionally. The majority of hair loss in children is nonscarring. Diagnosis begins with a good history, including personal and family history, medication use, a thorough physical examination, and use of dermoscopy or trichoscopy, or both. With these, providers can begin to divide hair loss into congenital vs. acquired, and then further subdivide into focal vs. diffuse and scarring vs. nonscarring. Secondary change, including scale and erythema, can further help with diagnosis. DOI: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000376