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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Microwave in situ inactivation in the treatment of bone giant cell tumor: a mid-term descriptive study.

Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology | 2023 | Jiang X, Chen J, Zhou W, Zhang C

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PubMed
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Original Article
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Abstract

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. 7. Acta Ortop Mex. 2026 Jan-Feb;40(1):21-27. Clinicopathological features, prognostic factors, and survival outcomes in giant cell tumors of bone: a retrospective study at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico. [Article in English] Reyna-Pérez K(1), González-Álvarez C(2), Tahuahua-Flores O(1), Rivero-Zambrano L(1), González-Prieto RE(2), Clara-Altamirano MA(2), Alamilla-García GC(1), García-Ortega DY(2). Author information: (1)Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute. Mexico City, Mexico. (2)Surgical Oncology, Skin and Soft Tissue Tumors Department. National Cancer Institute. Mexico City, Mexico. INTRODUCTION: giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a locally aggressive bone neoplasm that predominantly affects young adults. It most frequently involves the distal femur and proximal tibia. Despite its benign classification, GCTB carries a significant risk of local recurrence and pulmonary metastasis. Surgical resection remains the cornerstone of treatment, often complemented by local adjuvants. Denosumab has emerged as a therapeutic option, although its impact on recurrence rates remains controversial. Evidence regarding early predictors of recurrence remains limited. MATERIAL AND METHODS: this retrospective cohort study included 97 patients with confirmed GCTB treated at the INCan in Mexico City between 2010 and 2023. Inclusion required a minimum follow-up of six months. Clinical, demographic, and treatment-related variables were analyzed to identify prognostic factors for local and distant recurrence. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank tests were used to assess recurrence-free and overall survival. RESULTS: the median patient age was 30 years, with a median tumor size of 8.8 cm. The femur (28%) and tibia (22%) were the most commonly affected sites. Campanacci grade III was present in 77% of cases. Recurrence occurred in 22% of patients, with local relapse in 15% and pulmonary metastases in 8%. Tumors located in the lower extremities and those treated initially at outside institutions showed significantly higher recurrence rates. Denosumab use was not associated with recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: treatment at high-volume centers and early identification of high-risk features are critical for reducing recurrence in GCTB. Denosumab remains a valuable adjunct in selected cases within a multimodal approach. Publisher: INTRODUCCIÓN: el tumor de células gigantes del hueso (TCGH) es una neoplasia ósea de comportamiento localmente agresivo que afecta predominantemente a adultos jóvenes. Se localiza con mayor frecuencia en el fémur distal y la tibia proximal. El TCGB conlleva un riesgo significativo de recurrencia local y de metástasis pulmonares. La resección quirúrgica continúa siendo la piedra angular del tratamiento, a menudo complementada con adyuvantes locales. El denosumab ha emergido como una opción terapéutica; sin embargo, su impacto en las tasas de recurrencia sigue siendo controvertido. La evidencia sobre predictores tempranos de recurrencia continúa siendo limitada. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: este estudio de cohorte retrospectivo incluyó a 97 pacientes con diagnóstico de TCGH, tratados en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología entre 2010 y 2023. Se incluyeron únicamente pacientes con un seguimiento mínimo de seis meses. Se recopilaron y analizaron datos clínicos, demográficos y relacionados con el tratamiento para identificar factores pronósticos de recurrencia local y metástasis a distancia. Se emplearon análisis de Kaplan-Meier para estimar la supervivencia libre de recurrencia y global, y se utilizaron pruebas log-rank para comparar subgrupos. RESULTADOS: la mediana de edad fue de 30 años y el tamaño tumoral medio de 8.8 cm. Las localizaciones más frecuentes fueron el fémur (28%) y la tibia (22%). Setenta y siete por ciento presentó enfermedad Campanacci grado III. La recurrencia total fue de 22%, siendo local en 15% y pulmonar en 8%. Se encontró mayor recurrencia en tumores de extremidades inferiores y en pacientes tratados inicialmente en otros centros. El uso de denosumab no se asoció con mayor ni menor recurrencia. CONCLUSIONES: el tratamiento en centros de alta especialización y la identificación temprana de características de alto riesgo son fundamentales para reducir la recurrencia en el TCGH. El denosumab sigue siendo un complemento terapéutico valioso en casos seleccionados, dentro de un enfoque multimodal.

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