Evidence Search

How frequently MRI modifies thoracolumbar fractures' classification or decision-making? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society | 2024 | Aly MM, Soliman Y, Elemam RA, Pizones J

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 14. Acta Orthop Belg. 2021 Mar;87(1):181-190. Is the AO spine thoracolumbar injury classification system reliable and practical? a systematic review. Hwang Z, Houston J, Fragakis EM, Lupu C, Bernard J, Bishop T, Lui DF. Controversy surrounding the classification of thoracolumbar injuries has given rise to various classification systems over the years, incl...

Adult Trauma Patients With Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity Score of 4: A Systematic Review.

Clinical spine surgery | 2023 | Naftchi AF, Vazquez S, Spirollari E, Carpenter AB

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest. 8. Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2025 Feb 27;35(4):529-539. doi: 10.1055/s-0045-1805025. eCollection 2025 Oct. Spine Trauma Classifications: Historical, Current, and Emerging Perspectives for Radiologists. Nandolia K(1), Saran S(1), Varshney G(1), Shirodkar K(2), Iyengar KP(3), Botchu...

Seizure-Induced Spinal Fractures: A Systematic Review.

International journal of spine surgery | 2022 | Robles LA, Guerrero-Maldonado A

Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work. 11. Global Spine J. 2022 Jul;12(6):1066-1073. doi: 10.1177/2192568220974339. Epub 2020 Dec 11. The Subaxial Cervical AO Spine Injury Score. Canseco JA(1), Schroeder GD(1), Paziuk TM(1), Karamian BA(1), Kandziora F(2), Vialle EN(3), Oner FC(4), Schnake...

Is the AO spine thoracolumbar injury classification system reliable and practical? a systematic review.

Acta orthopaedica Belgica | 2021 | Hwang Z, Houston J, Fragakis EM, Lupu C

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 15. N Am Spine Soc J. 2022 Jun 16;11:100134. doi: 10.1016/j.xnsj.2022.100134. eCollection 2022 Sep. Thoracic and lumbar spine trauma classification systems fail to predict post-traumatic kyphotic deformity. Crim J(1), Atkins N(1), Zhang A(2), Moore DK(1). Author information: (1)University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Dr., Columbia, MO 65212, United States. (2)G...

Reliability and Validity of the AOSpine Thoracolumbar Injury Classification System: A Systematic Review.

Global spine journal | 2019 | Abedi A, Mokkink LB, Zadegan SA, Paholpak P

Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Disclosures outside of submitted work: ZB-consultancy: Xenco Medical, AO Spine; Research Support: SeaSpine (paid to the institution) JCW-JCW – Royalties – Biomet,...

Thoracolumbar Fractures: Historical Systems and Advancements With the AO Spine Classification.

Global spine journal | 2026 | Kweh BTS, Vaccaro AR, Schroeder G, Canseco JA

Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. 19. Indian J Orthop. 2015 Jan-Feb;49(1):72-82. doi: 10.4103/0019-5413.143914. Management of thoracolumbar spine trauma: An overview. Rajasekaran S(1), Kanna RM(1), Shetty AP(1)...

Spine Trauma Classifications: Historical, Current, and Emerging Perspectives for Radiologists.

The Indian journal of radiology & imaging | 2025 | Nandolia K, Saran S, Varshney G, Shirodkar K

Conflict of interest statement: Conflict of Interest None declared. 9. Radiologie (Heidelb). 2025 Nov;65(11):841-846. doi: 10.1007/s00117-025-01502-5. Epub 2025 Aug 18. [Thoracolumbar spine fractures : Classification and stability]. [Article in German; Abstract available in German from the publisher] Warmann S(1). Author information: (1)Klinik für Diagnostische und Intervention...

[Thoracolumbar spine fractures : Classification and stability].

Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany) | 2025 | Warmann S

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien. Interessenkonflikt: S. Warmann gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autor/-innen keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien. 10. Int J Spine Surg. 2022...

Subaxial spine trauma: radiological approach and practical implications.

Clinical radiology | 2021 | Masson de Almeida Prado R, Masson de Almeida Prado JL, Ueta RHS, Guimarães JB

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 5. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2023 Aug;33(6):2655-2661. doi: 10.1007/s00590-022-03430-9. Epub 2022 Dec 3. Thoracolumbar spine trauma: a guide for the FRCS examination. Hwang Z(1), Abdalla M(2), Ajayi B(2), Bernard J(2), Bishop T(2), Lui DF(2). Author information: (1)St. George's University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK. zionh99@gmail.com. (2)St. George...

Review of best classification systems for diagnosing and treating thoracolumbar spine trauma.

Surgical neurology international | 2021 | Barcelos ACES, Onishi FJ, Joaquim AF, Botelho RV

Conflict of interest statement: There are no conflicts of interest. 17. J Spinal Cord Med. 2019 Jul;42(4):416-422. doi: 10.1080/10790268.2018.1433267. Epub 2018 Feb 7. A simplified treatment algorithm for treating thoracic and lumbar spine trauma. Joaquim AF(1), Patel AA(2), Schroeder GD(3), Vaccaro AR(3). Author information: (1)a Neurosurgery Division , State University of Cam...

A simplified treatment algorithm for treating thoracic and lumbar spine trauma.

The journal of spinal cord medicine | 2019 | Joaquim AF, Patel AA, Schroeder GD, Vaccaro AR

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 18. Global Spine J. 2026 Jan;16(1):806-816. doi: 10.1177/21925682251366981. Epub 2025 Aug 27. Thoracolumbar Fractures: Historical Systems and Advancements With the AO Spine Classification. Kweh BTS(1)(2)(3), Vaccaro AR(4), Schroeder G(4), Canseco JA(4), Reinhold M(5), Aly MM(6), Bigdon S(7), El-Skarkawi M(8), Bransford RJ(9), Joaquim AF(10), Chhabra HS(11)...

AOSpine Classification Systems (Subaxial, Thoracolumbar).

Journal of orthopaedic trauma | 2017 | Schnake KJ, Schroeder GD, Vaccaro AR, Oner C

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 4. Clin Radiol. 2021 Dec;76(12):941.e1-941.e10. doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2021.09.006. Epub 2021 Sep 25. Subaxial spine trauma: radiological approach and practical implications. Masson de Almeida Prado R(1), Masson de Almeida Prado JL(2), Ueta RHS(3), Guimarães JB(4), Yamada AF(5). Author information: (1)Department of Radiology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (...

Imaging evaluation of traumatic thoracolumbar spine injuries: Radiological review.

World journal of radiology | 2015 | Gamanagatti S, Rathinam D, Rangarajan K, Kumar A

Vertebral Fracture.

Journal unavailable | 2026 | Whitney E, Alastra AJ

Conflict of interest statement: Disclosure: Eric Whitney declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. Disclosure: Anthony Alastra declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. 2. J Neurosurg Spine. 2022 Dec 9;38(3):396-404. doi: 10.3171/2022.11.SPINE22719. Print 2023 Mar 1. A novel scoring system concept for de novo spinal in...

Computed Tomography Fracture Patterns, Treatment Approaches, and AO Spine Thoracolumbar Injury Classification Concordance in Thoracolumbar Spine Trauma at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center

International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research | 2026 | Venance Petro, Felister Uisso, Honest Massawe, Adnan Sadiq

ABSTRACT Aim: This study evaluated computed tomography (CT) fracture patterns, treatment approaches, and the association between fracture patterns and management, while assessing concordance between AO thoracolumbar Injury severity score (AOSTSIC) recommendations and actual management among thoracolumbar trauma patients at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC) from 2022 t...

Comment on “The AO Spine TL Injury Classification System Drives Clinical Decision Making in Acute Thoracolumbar Fractures: A Retrospective Evaluation of Clinical Implementation”

Global Spine Journal | 2026 | Yujia Cai, Xiaoting Li, Qingqiang Zeng

AO Spine Thoracolumbar and Sacral Injury Classification for the Radiologist

Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology | 2025

Letter to the Editor: Validation of the AO Spine Thoracolumbar Injury Classification System Treatment Algorithm

Spine | 2024 | Shixiao Zhong, Weichao Li

A novel scoring system concept for de novo spinal infection treatment, the Spinal Infection Treatment Evaluation Score (SITE Score): a proof-of-concept study.

Journal of neurosurgery. Spine | 2023 | Pluemer J, Freyvert Y, Pratt N, Robinson JE

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 3. J Orthop Trauma. 2017 Sep;31 Suppl 4:S14-S23. doi: 10.1097/BOT.0000000000000947. AOSpine Classification Systems (Subaxial, Thoracolumbar). Schnake KJ(1), Schroeder GD, Vaccaro AR, Oner C. Author information: (1)*Center for Spine and Scoliosis Surgery, Schön Klinik Nürnberg Fürth, Fürth, Germany; †Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Rothman Institute,...

Thoracolumbar spine trauma: a guide for the FRCS examination.

European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie | 2023 | Hwang Z, Abdalla M, Ajayi B, Bernard J

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. 6. Eur Spine J. 2013 Oct;22(10):2147-8. doi: 10.1007/s00586-013-3062-4. AO spine classification system for thoracolumbar fractures. Aebi M(1). Author information: (1)Salem-Spital, Schänzlistrasse 39, 3000, Bern 25, Switzerland, max.aebi@MEMcenter.unibe.ch. DOI: 10.1...

The Subaxial Cervical AO Spine Injury Score.

Global spine journal | 2022 | Canseco JA, Schroeder GD, Paziuk TM, Karamian BA

Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. 12. Global Spine J. 2019 Apr;9(2):231-242. doi: 10.1177/2192568218806847. Epub 2018 Oct 15. Reliability and Validity of the AOSpine Thoracolumbar Injury Classification System...

Thoracic and lumbar spine trauma classification systems fail to predict post-traumatic kyphotic deformity.

North American Spine Society journal | 2022 | Crim J, Atkins N, Zhang A, Moore DK

Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. The authors report no conflict of interest. 16. Surg Neurol Int. 2021 May 31;12:242. doi: 10.25259/SNI_322_2021. eCollection 2021. Review of best classification systems for diag...

Letter to the Editor Regarding “Retrospective Evaluation of Thoracolumbar Injury Classification System and Thoracolumbar AO Spine Injury Scores for the Decision Treatment of Thoracolumbar Traumatic Fractures in 458 Consecutive Patients”

World Neurosurgery | 2022 | Mohamed M. Aly

Retrospective Evaluation of Thoracolumbar Injury Classification System and Thoracolumbar AO Spine Injury Scores for the Decision Treatment of Thoracolumbar Traumatic Fractures in 458 Consecutive Patients

World Neurosurgery | 2021 | Xavier A. Santander, Gregorio Rodríguez-Boto

Operative versus Non-Operative Management of Traumatic Thoracolumbar Injuries according to the AO Spine Thoracolumbar Spine Injury Classification System

Arquivos Brasileiros de Neurocirurgia: Brazilian Neurosurgery | 2020 | Andrei F. Joaquim

AbstractIntroduction The AOSpine Thoracolumbar Spine Injury Classification (AOSTSIC) system has been proposed to better characterize injury morphologies and improve the classification of thoracolumbar (TL) spine trauma. However, the indications for surgical treatment according to the AOSTSIC system are still debated. Additionally, the proposed Thoracolumbar AOSpine Injury Score...

The AOSpine thoracolumbar spine injury classification system: A comparative study with the thoracolumbar injury classification system and severity score in children: Erratum

OTA International: The Open Access Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma | 2019

AO Spine classification of thoracolumbar injuries

Radiopaedia.org | 2018 | Rishabh Verma, Pooyan Khalighinejad, Francis Deng

AO thoracolumbar fracture classification system (diagrams)

Radiopaedia.org | 2018 | AO Foundation

Classification of Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures

Spine Surgery Education Programme | 2017 | Max Aebi

AO Spine Masters Series

Thoracolumbar Spine Trauma | 2016

Management of thoracolumbar spine trauma: An overview.

Indian journal of orthopaedics | 2015 | Rajasekaran S, Kanna RM, Shetty AP

Conflict of interest statement: Conflict of Interest: None. 20. World J Radiol. 2015 Sep 28;7(9):253-65. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v7.i9.253. Imaging evaluation of traumatic thoracolumbar spine injuries: Radiological review. Gamanagatti S(1), Rathinam D(1), Rangarajan K(1), Kumar A(1), Farooque K(1), Sharma V(1). Author information: (1)Shivanand Gamanagatti, Deepak Rathinam, Krithika Ra...

AO spine classification system for thoracolumbar fractures.

European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society | 2013 | Aebi M

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 7. Clin Spine Surg. 2023 Jul 1;36(6):237-242. doi: 10.1097/BSD.0000000000001380. Epub 2022 Aug 22. Adult Trauma Patients With Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity Score of 4: A Systematic Review. Naftchi AF(1), Vazquez S(1), Spirollari E(1), Carpenter AB(2), Ng C(1), Zeller S(2), Feldstein E(2), Rawanduzy C(1), Das A(1), Gabriele C(1), Gandhi R...

Thoracolumbar Spine Trauma Classification

American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeon | 2010 | Alpesh A. Patel, Alexander R. Vaccaro

Classification of Injuries to the Thoracolumbar Spine

Orthopedic Clinics of North America | 1986 | Robert W. Bucholz, Kevin Gill