Category: General

SLAP = Superior Labrum Anterior to Posterior tear at the biceps anchor; pain is deep, activity‑related, with mechanical clicking. Snyder classificatio...

Functional elbow arc ≈ 30–130° flexion and 50°/50° pronation–supination (Morrey). Common causes: trauma, HO, prolonged immobilization, intra‑articular...

TFCC stabilizes the distal radioulnar joint and dissipates ulnar‑sided load. Palpable 'fovea sign', ulnar grind, and DRUJ shift test support diagnosis...

Supraspinatus most commonly torn; tears progress from partial to full‑thickness and can propagate posteriorly/anteriorly. Painful arc, night pain, and...

TUBS (Traumatic, Unidirectional, Bankart, Surgery) vs AMBRI (Atraumatic, Multidirectional, Bilateral, Rehab, Inferior capsular shift). Glenoid bone lo...

External (periosteal) vs internal (endosteal) callus; bridging and uniting fragments. Primary (contact) healing has minimal/no callus under rigid stab...

Widened physes with cupping and fraying at metaphysis; generalized osteopenia. Rachitic rosary at costochondral junction; Harrison’s sulcus due to dia...

Formation markers: bone‑specific ALP, osteocalcin, P1NP. Resorption markers: CTX (C‑telopeptide), NTX, TRAP‑5b. Uses: monitoring therapy in osteoporos...

Gait cycle: stance (~60%) and swing (~40%); double support ~20% of cycle. Rocker phases: heel rocker, ankle rocker, forefoot rocker enable forward pro...

Recurrent hemarthroses → synovial hypertrophy → cartilage damage and arthropathy (ankle, knee, elbow). Evaluation: bleeding history, factor levels/inh...