Orthonotes
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Definition (WHO): low bone mass with microarchitectural deterioration → fragility fractures; T‑score ≤ −2.5 on DEXA. Common sites: vertebral compressi...
Focal disorder of accelerated bone turnover: osteoclastic resorption followed by disorganized osteoblastic formation → enlarged, weak, vascular bone....
SSI prevention bundle: preop optimization (glucose, smoking cessation), skin prep with alcohol‑chlorhexidine, timed antibiotic prophylaxis, normotherm...
Phases: inflammation → soft callus (cartilage) → hard callus (woven bone) → remodeling (lamellar). Primary (direct) vs secondary (indirect) healing; a...
Three arches: medial & lateral longitudinal, and transverse (anterior/posterior). Keystone bones: talus (medial longitudinal), cuboid (lateral), inter...
Origin: supraspinous fossa; insertion: superior facet of greater tuberosity; innervation: suprascapular nerve (C5–6). Action: initiates abduction, con...
Thickened lateral fascia lata from iliac crest to Gerdy’s tubercle; receives fibers from TFL and gluteus maximus. Functions: lateral knee stabilizatio...
Common in young females; often after acute lateral dislocation. Risk factors: trochlear dysplasia, patella alta, increased TT-TG distance, ligamentous...
Congenital or developmental deformity due to premature closure of ulnar volar physis of distal radius. More common in adolescent females; associated w...
ACL is critical stabilizer against anterior translation and rotational instability. Mechanism: non-contact pivoting injury; pop and immediate swelling...