Osteoporosis - Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management and Therapy | 2023 | Sayantee Hazra, Shagnik Chattopadhyay, Ritobrata Goswami
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Reducing bone density and bone quality with increasing propensity of skeletal fracture are the main symptoms of osteoporosis. Disruption of the fine balance between bone formation and resorption leads to this progressive condition, which affects 50% of women and 30% of men after the age of 50. Aging, reduced nutrient (vitamin D and calcium) uptake, suppressed production of estrogen, and primarily, the dysregulation of cytokine balance leads to the pathophysiology of the disease. Hence, immunomodulation of bone remodeling is tightly controlled by the cytokine profiles, epigenetic marks, and metabolic programs of the involved cells, thus playing a key role in the prognosis of osteoporosis. In this chapter, we highlight this intricate interplay between the immune system, the associated cytokines, and bone remodeling.
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