Orthonotes
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PCL resists posterior tibial translation. Mechanism: dashboard injury, fall on flexed knee with foot plantarflexed. Clinical: posterior sag sign, post...
Meniscus vital for load transmission, shock absorption, joint stability. Repair preferred when possible (red-red, red-white tears, vertical longitudin...
Rotator cuff provides dynamic stability and elevation of shoulder. Tears: acute traumatic vs degenerative. Indications for repair: symptomatic full-th...
Idiopathic or secondary; painful stiffness with capsular pattern (ER most limited). Stages: painful freezing → frozen → thawing; natural his...
Define CRPS — Budapest Criteria with common etiologies and pathoanatomy. List key classifications or staging systems used in exams. Clinical features...
Perineural fibrosis of the common plantar digital nerve—classically in the 3rd webspace—causing burning plantar forefoot pain. Provocative tests: web‑...
Entrapment neuropathy of the posterior tibial nerve under the flexor retinaculum behind the medial malleolus. Symptoms: burning dysesthesia/paresthesi...
Autoimmune symmetric polyarthritis causing synovitis and progressive joint destruction—typical deformities in the hand: ulnar drift at MCPs, swan‑neck...
Define Boutonnière & Swan Neck with common etiologies and pathoanatomy. List key classifications or staging systems used in exams. Clinical features a...
Degenerative fasciosis (not true 'itis') of the plantar fascia origin at the medial calcaneal tubercle due to repetitive micro‑trauma. Classic history...