Fat Embolism and Fat Embolism Syndrome.

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Abstract

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 2. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2024 Oct 1;97(4):505-513. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000004434. Epub 2024 Aug 30. Fat embolism syndrome after trauma: What you need to know. Kwon J(1), Coimbra R. Author information: (1)From the Division of Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery (J.K.), Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery (R.C.), Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley; Department of Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine (R.C.), Loma Linda; and Comparative Effectiveness and Clinical Outcomes Research Center (J.K., R.C.), Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, California. Fat embolism syndrome refers to a systemic condition caused by the circulation of fat droplets in the bloodstream, reaching various target organs typically after major bone fractures or related surgical procedures. Although most cases resolve spontaneously, severe instances can lead to significant respiratory failure, neurological damage, and even mortality. Therefore, appropriate prevention, timely diagnosis, and management are crucial for trauma patients at risk. The objective of this review article is to explore the definition, epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, and pathophysiology of fat embolism syndrome. Furthermore, it aims to examine current recommendations for the accurate diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of it, providing a comprehensive guide for the effective management of patients prone to this condition. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1097/TA.0000000000004434