Fat embolism syndrome.

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Abstract

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 10. Anesthesiol Clin. 2009 Sep;27(3):533-50, table of contents. doi: 10.1016/j.anclin.2009.07.018. Fat embolism. Akhtar S(1). Author information: (1)Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8051, USA. shamsuddin.akhtar@yale.edu Fat embolism refers to the presence of fat droplets within the peripheral and lung microcirculation with or without clinical sequelae. The pathologic consequences of fat embolism are well recognized. Fat embolism is most often associated with trauma and orthopedic injuries. Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a serious manifestation of fat embolism that involves a cascade of clinical signs such as petechial rash, deteriorating mental status, and progressive respiratory insufficiency, usually occurring within 24 hours of injury. This article reviews the definition, epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, and prognosis of FES. DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2009.07.018