Outcomes After Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Reconstruction in Patients With Isolated and Combined PCL Tears

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Abstract

Background: Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstructions are rarely performed compared with that for the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Purpose: To evaluate the clinical and functional outcome after isolated or multiligament PCL reconstruction. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients who underwent PCL reconstruction between 2002 and 2010 were included. Standardized follow-up was performed between 2012 and 2013 and consisted of subjective scores (Tegner activity score, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score [KOOS], and subjective International Knee Documentation Committee [IKDC] score) and objective measures, including knee laxity (KT-1000), extension strength, and overall IKDC score. Results: One hundred ninety-six patients were identified, of which 172 were available for postoperative follow-up: 39.3% with isolated PCL and 60.7% with multiligament injury. One hundred ten patients were available to complete both clinical follow-up and subjective questionnaires; 62 patients returned the subjective questionnaires. Mean follow-up was 5.9 years (range, 3.1-9.7 years). KOOS scores at follow-up in the isolated PCL group by subscale were 74 (symptoms), 76 (pain), 80 (activities of daily living), 55 (sport), and 55 (quality of life). Scores for patients in the multiligament group were 73 (symptoms), 79 (pain), 82 (activities of daily living), 53 (sport), and 56 (quality of life). Tegner scores were 4.5 and 4.4, respectively, and subjective IKDC scores were 63.8 and 65.0. The mean side-to-side difference in knee laxity was 2.7 mm in the isolated PCL group compared with 2.8 mm in the multiligament group. At 1-year follow-up there were significant differences in KOOS outcome scores between the isolated PCL subgroup and the multiligament subgroup, but no differences at final follow-up. Twelve patients (5%) had PCL revision surgery within the follow-up period. Conclusion: Despite the type of injury, there were only minor differences in knee laxity and subjective outcome scores between the isolated PCL group and the multiligament group. The overall revision rate in this study was 5.2%.