Under-diagnosis and under-treatment of post traumatic stress disorder amongst major trauma patients.

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Abstract

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of competing interest The authors have no competing interests to declare. 8. Phys Ther Sport. 2012 Nov;13(4):196-208. doi: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2012.03.016. Epub 2012 May 18. Evaluation and management of posterior cruciate ligament injuries. Rosenthal MD(1), Rainey CE, Tognoni A, Worms R. Author information: (1)PT Department, Naval Medical Center, 34800 Bob Wilson Drive, San Diego, CA, USA. mikerosenthal@ymail.com BACKGROUND: Posterior cruciate ligament injuries are increasingly recognized, the result of various sports activities, and while most athletes return to sports the development degenerative joint changes is common. OBJECTIVE: To provide a synopsis of the current best evidence regarding the recognition and treatment of posterior cruciate ligament injuries. DESIGN: Structured narrative review. METHODS: Keyword search of Medline, CINAHL, and PEDro databases for studies published in English from January 1975 to July 2011. Additionally, the reference lists from articles obtained were manually searched for relevant literature. SUMMARY: The manuscript provides an overview of posterior cruciate ligament injury, discusses diagnostic methods to include radiographic examination techniques, and presents information on surgical and conservative management of PCL injuries. CONCLUSION: Understanding the mechanism of injuries and most effective examination methods can aide in effective early recognition of PCL injuries. Appropriate management of the patient with PCL deficiency or reconstructed knee will optimize outcomes and potentially affect long term knee function. Published by Elsevier Ltd. DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2012.03.016