Rupture of the Achilles and patellar tendons.

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Abstract

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 12. Foot Ankle Clin. 2026 Sep;31(3):485-498. doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2025.12.008. Epub 2026 Mar 4. The Achilles Tendon: Practical Applications for Clinical Excellence Endoscopic Flexor Hallucis Longus Transfer. Pellegrini MJ(1), Escobar B O(2), Kreulen CD(3). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopaedic, Clínica Universidad de Los Andes, Chile. Electronic address: mpellegrini@clinicauandes.cl. (2)Department of Orthopaedic, Clínica Universidad de Los Andes, Chile. (3)Department of Orthopaedics, University of California, Davis, CA, USA. Endoscopic flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon transfer is a minimally invasive surgical technique that shows promise for treating chronic Achilles tendon ruptures and tendinopathies. The procedure involves transferring the FHL tendon to the plantar foot for the calcaneus. Studies have demonstrated positive outcomes with improved American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society scores and patient-reported results along with low complication rates. However, for optimal results in highly active individuals, simultaneous reconstruction of the gastrocnemius-soleus complex may be necessary, particularly if significant elongation is present. This study provides a detailed surgical technique for this procedure. Copyright © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.fcl.2025.12.008