Imaging of triathlon injuries.

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Abstract

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 19. Photomed Laser Surg. 2017 Jan;35(1):32-42. doi: 10.1089/pho.2016.4150. Epub 2016 Sep 14. Low-Level Laser Therapy and Cryotherapy as Mono- and Adjunctive Therapies for Achilles Tendinopathy in Rats. Haslerud S(1)(2), Lopes-Martins RA(3), Frigo L(4), Bjordal JM(1)(2), Marcos RL(5), Naterstad IF(2), Magnussen LH(2)(6), Joensen J(2)(6). Author information: (1)1 NorPhyPain Research Group, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Centre for Evidence Based Practice, Bergen University College , Bergen, Norway . (2)2 Physiotherapy Research Group, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen , Bergen, Norway . (3)3 Nucleus of Technological Research-NPT, Post-Graduate Program in Biomedical Engeneering, University of Mogi das Cruzes (UMC) , São Paulo, Brazil . (4)4 Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul , São Paulo, Brazil . (5)5 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biofotônica Aplicada as Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Nove de Julho , São Paulo, Brazil . (6)6 Department of Occupational Therapy, Physiotherapy and Radiography, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bergen University College , Bergen, Norway . BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and cryotherapy are widely used treatments in the acute phase of tendon injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of these two treatments on tendon inflammation and mechanical properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six groups of six Wistar rats were used in this study. The Achilles tendons of the healthy control group were not subjected to injury or treatment. The tendons of the injured nontreated group (ING) were injured, but not treated. The remaining four groups were injured and subjected to LLLT, cryotherapy, LLLT first/cryotherapy, or cryotherapy first/LLLT. All treatments were performed at 1 h post-trauma. Inflammatory mediators, tendon histology, and biomechanical properties were assessed at 24 h post-trauma by comparing the treatment groups with the ING. RESULTS: In all treatment groups, the inflammatory process shifted in an anti-inflammatory direction compared with the ING. Significant alterations in cytokine expression were found in only the LLLT group (↓IL-1β) and the combined intervention groups (↓IL-1β, ↓TNF-α, ↑IL-6). It was also found that cryotherapy followed by LLLT was the only treatment that significantly (p