Robotic-Assisted Total Hip Arthroplasty Through the Posterior Approach.

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Abstract

Conflict of interest statement: Disclosure: The Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest forms are provided with the online version of the article (http://links.lww.com/JBJSEST/A487). 18. Sci Rep. 2021 Feb 25;11(1):4550. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-84186-w. Impact of plantaris ligamentous tendon. Olewnik Ł(1), Karauda P(2), Gonera B(3), Kurtys K(3), Tubbs RS(4)(5)(6), Paulsen F(7)(8), Szymański R(9), Polguj M(2). Author information: (1)Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland. lukasz.olewnik@umed.lodz.pl. (2)Department of Normal and Clinical Anatomy, Chair of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland. (3)Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland. (4)Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA. (5)Department of Neurosurgery and Ochsner Neuroscience Institute, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA, USA. (6)Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, West Indies, Grenada. (7)Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany. (8)Department of Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia. (9)Department of Histology, Chair of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland. There are countless morphological variations among the muscles, tendons, ligaments, arteries, veins and nerves of the human body, many of which remain undescribed. Anatomical structures are also subject to evolution, many disappearing and others continually emerging. The main goal of this pilot study was to describe a previously undetected anatomical structure, the plantaris ligamentous tendon, and to determine its frequency and histology. Twenty-two lower limbs from 11 adult cadavers (11 left, and 11 right) fixed in 10% formalin were examined. The mean age of the cadavers at death was 60.1 years (range 38-85). The group comprised six women and five men from a Central European population. All anatomical dissections of the leg and foot area accorded with the pre-established protocol. Among the 22 lower limbs, the PLT was present in 16 (72.7%) and absent in six (27.3%). It originated as a strong fan-shaped ligamentous tendon from the superior part of the plantaris muscle, the posterior surface of the femur and the lateral aspect of the knee joint capsule. It inserted to the ilio-tibial band. Histologically, a tendon and ligament were observed extending parallel to each other. A new anatomical structure has been found, for which the name plantaris ligamentous tendon is proposed. It occurs around the popliteal region between the plantaris muscle, the posterior surface of the femur, and the ilio-tibial band. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84186-w PMCID: PMC7907062