Epiphyseal injuries of the foot and ankle.

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Abstract

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 5. Foot Ankle Clin. 2015 Dec;20(4):705-19. doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2015.07.004. Epub 2015 Oct 16. Pediatric Ankle Fractures: Concepts and Treatment Principles. Su AW(1), Larson AN(2). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Linong Street, Beitou, Taipei, Taiwan. (2)Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Electronic address: larson.noelle@mayo.edu. Current clinical concepts are reviewed regarding the epidemiology, anatomy, evaluation, and treatment of pediatric ankle fractures. Correct diagnosis and management relies on appropriate examination, imaging, and knowledge of fracture patterns specific to children. Treatment is guided by patient history, physical examination, plain film radiographs and, in some instances, computed tomography. Treatment goals are to restore acceptable limb alignment, physeal anatomy, and joint congruency. For high-risk physeal fractures, patients should be monitored for growth disturbance as needed until skeletal maturity. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.fcl.2015.07.004 PMCID: PMC4912125