Anatomy and Deficiency of the Deltoid Muscle: A Review of Literature.

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Abstract

Conflict of interest statement: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. 7. Spinal Cord. 2013 Jan;51(1):59-63. doi: 10.1038/sc.2012.89. Epub 2012 Jul 31. Acromioclavicular joint arthrosis in persons with spinal cord injury and able-bodied persons. Eriks-Hoogland I(1), Engisch R, Brinkhof MW, van Drongelen S. Author information: (1)Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland. inge.eriks@paranet.ch OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence, severity and risk of acromioclavicular (AC) joint arthrosis in persons presenting with shoulder pain between a spinal cord injury (SCI) and able-bodied population. In the SCI population, prevalence and severity of AC joint arthrosis were examined with respect to age, gender and lesion characteristics. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of medical records and magnetic resonance images (MRI) collected in an outpatient orthopaedics clinic. RESULTS: Sixty-eight persons with SCI and 105 able-bodied persons were included in the study. The overall MRI prevalence of AC joint arthrosis was 98% and 92%, respectively. In both groups AC joint arthrosis was frequently accompanied by MRI diagnosis of rotator cuff tears and biceps tendon ruptures. Sensitivity of clinical testing was found to be low in SCI (0.31) and in able-bodied persons (0.24). The odds of increasingly severe arthrosis were nearly four times higher in persons with SCI as compared with able-bodied persons (P