Diagnosis and treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

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Abstract

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 20. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2026 Feb 1;38(1):93-99. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000001528. Epub 2025 Nov 27. Scoliosis, leg length discrepancy, or both? Mateo FM(1), Egea-Gámez RM(2)(3), Mahboob OM(4). Author information: (1)Nemours Children's Hospital, Pensacola, Florida, USA. (2)Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid. Spainin. (3)International Center of Spine Surgery. CICCO. Hospital Nuestra Señora del Rosario. (4) MD Candidate Class of 2027 Sardar Spine Surgery Research Fellow, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Scoliosis and limb length discrepancy (LLD) are frequent findings in pediatric orthopedic practice. Because both conditions can alter posture and spinal alignment, distinguishing between a compensatory spinal curvature due to LLD and a true structural scoliosis is crucial. This review explores the relationship between scoliosis and LLD in children, emphasizing recent evidence and clinical strategies for accurate diagnosis and management. RECENT FINDINGS: Minor limb length discrepancies are common in the general population. However, significant LLD (defined as >2 cm) can produce pelvic tilt and a functional scoliosis, which typically resolve when the LLD is corrected. Even smaller discrepancies (