Charcot neuroarthropathy: Surgical and conservative treatment approaches.

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Abstract

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this article. 11. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 2026 Apr;43(2):253-266. doi: 10.1016/j.cpm.2025.12.012. Understanding Charcot and Diabetic Bone Disease. Grant-McDonald L(1), Shin L(2). Author information: (1)Department of Biomedical Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School; Old Dominion University Podiatric Residency, Norfolk, VA, USA. Electronic address: lisa.m.grantmcdonald@gmail.com. (2)Department of Vascular Surgery, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Charcot neuroarthropathy and diabetic bone disease share a unifying pathophysiology characterized by inflammatory osteolysis, vascular rarefaction, neurotrophic failure, and progenitor exhaustion. Once viewed as a localized mechanical process in an insensate foot, Charcot is now understood as a systemic marrow niche collapse driven by chronic inflammation and metabolic stress. This article outlines the molecular, cellular, and structural mechanisms underlying this process and explores emerging diagnostic and therapeutic approaches designed to restore osteoimmunologic balance and bone integrity in the diabetic host. Copyright © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.cpm.2025.12.012