Foot and Ankle Injuries in Runners.

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Abstract

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 5. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2023 Feb;34(1):165-180. doi: 10.1016/j.pmr.2022.08.011. Epub 2022 Oct 18. Prolotherapy: A Narrative Review of Mechanisms, Techniques, and Protocols, and Evidence for Common Musculoskeletal Conditions. Hsu C(1), Vu K(1), Borg-Stein J(2). Author information: (1)Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, 300 1st Avenue, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. (2)Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, 300 1st Avenue, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: jborgstein@mgh.harvard.edu. Prolotherapy is a nonsurgical regenerative technique that allows small amounts of irritant solution to be injected into the site of painful tendon and ligament insertions to promote the growth of healthy cells and tissues. The goal of prolotherapy is to stimulate growth factors that may strengthen attachments and reduce pain. Prolotherapy injection technique is centered around a focused physical examination and strong anatomic knowledge for maximized results. Prolotherapy is beneficial in a variety of different musculoskeletal conditions, including, but not limited to, lateral epicondylosis, rotator cuff tendinopathy, plantar fasciitis, Achilles tendinopathy, osteoarthritis, low back pain, sacroiliac joint pain, and TMJ laxity. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2022.08.011