[Bone tumors].

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Abstract

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 17. J Bone Oncol. 2019 Jan 29;15:100221. doi: 10.1016/j.jbo.2019.100221. eCollection 2019 Apr. Advances in immune checkpoint inhibitors for bone sarcoma therapy. Thanindratarn P(1)(2), Dean DC(1), Nelson SD(3), Hornicek FJ(1), Duan Z(1). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 615 Charles E. Young. Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. (2)Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chulabhorn hospital, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Bangkok, Thailand. (3)Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Bone sarcomas are a collection of sporadic malignancies of mesenchymal origin. The most common subtypes include osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and chordoma. Despite the use of aggressive treatment protocols consisting of extensive surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, outcomes have not significantly improved over the past few decades for osteosarcoma or Ewing sarcoma patients. In addition, chondrosarcoma and chordoma are resistant to both chemotherapy and radiation therapy. There is, therefore, an urgent need to elucidate which novel new therapies may affect bone sarcomas. Emerging checkpoint inhibitors have generated considerable attention for their clinical success in a variety of human cancers, which has led to works assessing their potential in bone sarcoma management. Here, we review the recent advances of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 blockade as well as other promising new immune checkpoint targets for their use in bone sarcoma therapy. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2019.100221 PMCID: PMC6365405