Pediatric orthopedic mythbusters: the truth about flexible flatfeet, tibial and femoral torsion, W-sitting, and idiopathic toe-walking.

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Abstract

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 7. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 2026 Jan;43(1):53-68. doi: 10.1016/j.cpm.2025.07.005. Epub 2025 Oct 13. Calcaneal Osteotomies. MacGill A(1), Hendricks D(2), Leaman M(2), Perry D(2). Author information: (1)Podiatric Medicine and Surgery Residency Program, HCA Florida Northwest Hospital, Margate, FL, USA. Electronic address: alanmacgill@gmail.com. (2)Podiatric Medicine and Surgery Residency Program, HCA Florida Northwest Hospital, Margate, FL, USA. Calcaneal osteotomies are surgical procedures performed to correct a hindfoot deformity or realign the calcaneus in conditions that include pes planus and pes cavus. These joint-sparing procedures offer the ability to realign the calcaneus, enhancing foot biomechanics, redistributing forces, and reducing pain and dysfunction. Among the most common types of calcaneal osteotomies are the medial slide, lateral slide, and Dwyer calcaneal osteotomy, each with distinct indications, advantages, and surgical considerations. Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.cpm.2025.07.005