Surgical Navigation in Orthopedics: Workflow and System Review.

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Abstract

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 12. Instr Course Lect. 2015;64:37-49. Advances in the understanding and treatment of musculoskeletal infections. Lowenberg DW(1), Watson JT, Levin LS. Author information: (1)Clinical Professor and Chief, Orthopaedic Trauma Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California. Musculoskeletal infections are a challenging treatment problem for orthopaedic surgeons. Despite advances in aseptic techniques and improved chemotherapeutic options, there has not been a substantial decrease in the incidence of musculoskeletal infections for the past quarter century. Understanding how microbes gain a foothold in tissue and bone and establish a chronic infectious state is imperative to the successful treatment of bone and soft-tissue infections. The methodic establishment of microbes in a sessile state in a mature biofilm represents the basis for instituting a chronic microbial defense system and sustainability in a host. To properly eradicate such infections requires a stepwise treatment algorithm of meticulous and thorough débridement, dead-space management, and soft-tissue and bone reconstruction. A comprehensive understanding of the reconstruction ladder combined with a detailed treatment plan from the initial staging of an infection through final reconstruction can cure an infection and achieve good functional results for patients.