Mechanistic Study of CD90-Positive Synovial Fibroblasts in the Invasion and Recurrence of Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis.

Journal and index pages often block iframe embedding. This reader keeps the evidence details in Orthonotes and leaves the source page one click away.

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. 17. J Clin Med. 2026 Mar 15;15(6):2238. doi: 10.3390/jcm15062238. Expression of Molecular Markers Associated with Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumours and Bone Destruction: A Systematic Review. Ward TRW(1)(2), Zeng F(2), Ashford RU(1)(2), Eastley NC(1)(2), Wang N(2). Author information: (1)Orthopaedic Department, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK. (2)Leicester Cancer Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK. Background/Objectives: Tenosynovial giant cell tumours (TGCT) are a group of mesenchymal tumours involving the synovium, bursae, and tendon sheaths, comprising two subtypes: nodular and diffuse. Although predominantly benign, diffuse forms can be locally aggressive, resulting in bone destruction. The pathogenesis of TGCTs is still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to systematically review the current literature on the factors, mechanisms, and markers involved in TGCT disease, focussing on their potential role in bone destruction. Methods: This systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines. A search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, and all original scientific research into mechanisms/pathways/signalling involving TGCTs was included. Results: After the review process, 51 studies were included for data extraction. Extracted data included authorship, publication year, patient numbers and aetiology (nTGCT/dTGCT), demographics, investigative methods, and studied biological factors, mechanisms, and markers. Cross-tabulation of reported elements revealed 159 unique factors, with most appearing only once. Eight elements were reported five or more times: CSF1, CD68, Ki-67, MMP9, CD163, TRAP, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Although representing just 5% of all identified factors, these appeared in 69% of the included studies, highlighting their prominence in the literature. Conclusions: Apart from the well-known osteoclastogenesis factor CSF1, inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) and monocyte-macrophage lineage makers (CD68, CD163) are signalling pathways key to TGCT disease progression and associated bone destruction. DOI: 10.3390/jcm15062238 PMCID: PMC13027170