A narrative review of lateral meniscus root tears and extrusion: techniques and outcomes.

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Abstract

Conflict of interest statement: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://aoj.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/aoj-20-112/coif). The series “The Lateral Meniscus” was commissioned by the editorial office without any funding or sponsorship. HK serves as an unpaid editorial board member of Annals of Joint from September 2019 to August 2021. The authors have no other conflicts of interest to declare. 11. Eur J Radiol. 1997 Dec;26(1):23-45. doi: 10.1016/s0720-048x(97)00054-5. Imaging in sports-medicine--knee. Shahabpour M(1), Handelberg F, Casteleyn PP, Machiels F, Osteaux M. Author information: (1)Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Academic Hospital of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (AZ-VUB), Belgium. Since the last decade, the introduction of Magnetic Resonance Imaging has provided a powerful new tool for the clinician to diagnose sports-related knee injuries. The main objective of this paper is to familiarise the relevant specialists with the proven clinical indications and semiology of MRI of the knee. At the present time, the knee joint is the area in which the advantages of MRI are most spectacularly apparent. The MR appearances of meniscal tears in particular, are first discussed in detail, referring to recent literature and personal experience based on more than ten thousands MR examinations of traumatic knees. Also the mechanisms of injuries and the most commonly involved sports are described. The precise types of meniscal lesions, as visualised at arthroscopy, are abundantly illustrated on MR images: e.g., bucket-handle, radial and horizontal cleavage tears, meniscocapsular separations, discoid menisci and meniscal cysts. We discuss the numerous pitfalls due to neighbouring anatomical structures as well as non clinically or surgically significant intrameniscal hypersignals in athletes. Towards other imaging techniques, MRI is particularly suited for the diagnosis of ligamentous injuries, especially the cruciate ligaments. We develop the currently used direct and indirect signs of rupture, the diagnostic difficulties related to the age of trauma and the detection of associated lesions. Sport-induced tendinous and bursal pathology is another interesting indication of MRI, not only lesions of the more superficial extensor tendons but also the pes anserinus or hamstring tendons. We finally treat the recent developments of MRI in assessment of cartilage, subchondral and medullary bone disorders of traumatic or microtraumatic origin. DOI: 10.1016/s0720-048x(97)00054-5