The open abdomen in trauma and non-trauma patients: WSES guidelines.

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Abstract

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Not applicableNot applicableThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. 3. Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther. 2025 Dec 19;57(1):381-387. doi: 10.5114/ait/214054. Exploring Pandora's box: a review of thoracic compartment syndrome. Pérez-Garzón M(1)(2), Rojas-Arrieta M(3), Quintero-Altare A(3), Robayo-Amortegui H(2)(4). Author information: (1)Department of Intensive Care, Fundación Clínica Shaio, Bogota D.C., Colombia. (2)Facultad de Medicina, Doctorado en Ciencias Clínicas, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia. (3)Department of Medicine, Critical Care Resident, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia. (4)Department of Critical Care Medicine, Extracorporeal Life Support Unit, Fundación Clínica Shaio, Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Compartment syndrome (CS) arises from increased pressure within a confined space, compromising organ function due to reduced blood flow and subsequent tissue hypo-xia and ischemia. Thoracic compartment syndrome (TCS), a subset of CS, occurs in diverse surgical and medical conditions, particularly cardiac surgery, chest trauma, and critical care scenarios, significantly contributing to morbidity and mortality. However, the absence of a standardized definition hinders timely diagnosis and treatment. This study systematically explores the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and causes of TCS, aiming to establish a comprehensive definition to guide diagnosis and research. A multi-stage review process was employed. Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full texts of studies identified through databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar, and SpringerLink, complemented by gray literature searches in NTIS and EAGLE. Inclusion criteria focused on adult patients, excluding pediatric and obstetric populations. The search spanned all relevant studies published up to December 20, 2024. TCS remains under-recognized yet poses significant risks in critically ill patients. This article proposes a definition grounded in evidence and pathophysiological insights to aid diagnosis and future investigations into this life-threatening condition. DOI: 10.5114/ait/214054 PMCID: PMC12793996