Anatomical basics, variations, and degenerative changes of the shoulder joint and shoulder girdle.

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Abstract

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 7. Radiol Res Pract. 2022 Jan 11;2022:4009829. doi: 10.1155/2022/4009829. eCollection 2022. Imaging Review of Subscapularis Tendon and Rotator Interval Pathology. Ahmad ZY(1), Diaz LE(2), Roemer FW(3), Goud A(2), Guermazi A(1)(2). Author information: (1)Department of Radiology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA. (2)Department of Radiology, VA Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA. (3)Department of Radiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany. As the largest rotator cuff muscle, the subscapularis plays a major role in stabilizing the glenohumeral joint, in conjunction with surrounding rotator cuff structures. Injury to the subscapularis tendon can be isolated, but more commonly is seen in conjunction with supraspinatus tendon pathology. Injury can be associated with biceps pulley instability, superior labral anterior-posterior (SLAP) tears, humeral head subluxation, and anterosuperior and coracoid impingements. The involvement of the rotator interval can lead to what is called "the hidden lesion," due to its difficulty to diagnose during arthroscopy. Understanding the anatomical relations of the subscapularis tendon with the rest of the rotator cuff and rotator interval, as well as common patterns of injury that involve the subscapularis tendon, can aid in proper diagnosis of these injuries leading to prompt surgical repair. This review describes the anatomy of the subscapularis muscle and tendon, and the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) patterns of subscapularis tendon injury. Copyright © 2022 Zohaib Y. Ahmad et al. DOI: 10.1155/2022/4009829 PMCID: PMC8767392