Comprehensive Review and Evidence-Based Treatment Framework for Optimizing Plantar Fasciitis Diagnosis and Management.

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Abstract

Conflict of interest statement: Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work. 10. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2014 Jun;22(6):372-80. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-22-06-372. Plantar and medial heel pain: diagnosis and management. Lareau CR(1), Sawyer GA(1), Wang JH(1), DiGiovanni CW(1). Author information: (1)From the Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (Dr. Lareau, Dr. Sawyer, and Ms. Wang), the Rhode Island Hospital, Providence (Dr. Lareau and Dr. Sawyer), and Harvard Medical School and the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (Dr. DiGiovanni). Heel pain is commonly encountered in orthopaedic practice. Establishing an accurate diagnosis is critical, but it can be challenging due to the complex regional anatomy. Subacute and chronic plantar and medial heel pain are most frequently the result of repetitive microtrauma or compression of neurologic structures, such as plantar fasciitis, heel pad atrophy, Baxter nerve entrapment, calcaneal stress fracture, and tarsal tunnel syndrome. Most causes of inferior heel pain can be successfully managed nonsurgically. Surgical intervention is reserved for patients who do not respond to nonsurgical measures. Although corticosteroid injections have a role in the management of select diagnoses, they should be used with caution. Copyright 2014 by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. DOI: 10.5435/JAAOS-22-06-372