Application of 3D Printing in Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Narrative Review.

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Abstract

Conflict of interest statement: Conflict of interestAll the authors declare no source of funding and no conflict of interest. 12. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2022 Feb;108(1S):103154. doi: 10.1016/j.otsr.2021.103154. Epub 2021 Nov 24. Patient-specific guides in orthopedic surgery. Gauci MO(1). Author information: (1)Institut Universitaire Locomoteur et du Sport (IULS), CHU de Nice, Unité de Recherche Clinique Côte d'Azur (UCA), Hôpital Pasteur II, 30, voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, France. Electronic address: marcoliviergauci@gmail.com. The interest of patient-specific guides (PSGs) lies in reliable intraoperative achievement of preoperative planning goals. They are a form of instrumentation optimizing intraoperative precision and thus improving the safety and reproducibility of surgical procedures. Clinical superiority, however, has not been demonstrated. The various steps from design to implementation leave room for error, which needs to be known and controlled by the surgeon who is responsible for final outcome. Instituting large-scale patient-specific surgery requires management systems for guides and innovative implants which cannot be a simple extension of current practices. We shall approach the present state of knowledge regarding PSGs via 5 questions: (1) What is a PSG? Single-use instrumentation produced after preoperative planning, aiming exclusively to optimize procedural exactness. (2) How to use and assess PSGs in orthopedic surgery? Strict rules of use must be adhered to. Any deviation from the predefined objective is, necessarily, an error that must be identified as such. (3) Do PSGs provide greater surgical exactness? The contribution of PSGs varies greatly between procedures. Exactness is enhanced in the spine, in osteotomies around the knee and in bone-tumor surgery. In the shoulder, their contribution is seen only in complex cases. Data are sparse for hip replacement, and controversial for knee replacement. (4) What are the expected benefits of PSGs? As well as improving exactness, PSGs allow a lower radiation dose and shorter operating time. They also enable junior surgeons to train in techniques otherwise reserved to hyperspecialists. (5) How to include PSGs in everyday practice? As well as their potential clinical interest, PSGs involve deep changes in organization, equipment provision and economic model. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: V; expert opinion. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2021.103154