Epiphyseal fusion in the human growth plate does not involve classical apoptosis.

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Abstract

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 15. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2018 Nov;26(11):1551-1561. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.07.015. Epub 2018 Aug 4. Proposal of patient-specific growth plate cartilage xenograft model for FGFR3 chondrodysplasia. Kimura T(1), Ozaki T(2), Fujita K(2), Yamashita A(2), Morioka M(2), Ozono K(3), Tsumaki N(4). Author information: (1)Cell Induction and Regulation Field, Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan. (2)Cell Induction and Regulation Field, Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Japan. (3)Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan. (4)Cell Induction and Regulation Field, Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Japan. Electronic address: ntsumaki@cira.kyoto-u.ac.jp. OBJECTIVE: FGFR3 chondrodysplasia is caused by a gain-of-function mutation of the FGFR3 gene. The disease causes abnormal growth plate cartilage and lacks effective drug treatment. We sought to establish an in vivo model for the study of FGFR3 chondrodysplasia pathology and drug testing. DESIGN: We created cartilage from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and transplanted the cartilage into the subcutaneous spaces of immunodeficient mice. We then created cartilage from the hiPSCs of patients with FGFR3 chondrodysplasia and transplanted them into immunodeficient mice. We treated some mice with a FGFR inhibitor after the transplantation. RESULTS: Xenografting the hiPSC-derived cartilage reproduced human growth plate cartilage consisting of zones of resting, proliferating, prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes and bone in immunodeficient mice. Immunohistochemistry of xenografts using anti-human nuclear antigen antibody indicated that all chondrocytes in growth plate cartilage were human, whereas bone was composed of human and mouse cells. The pathology of small hypertrophic chondrocytes due to up-regulated FGFR3 signaling in FGFR3 skeletal dysplasia was recapitulated in growth plate cartilage formed in the xenografts of patient-specific hiPSC-derived cartilage. The mean diameters of hypertrophic chondrocytes between wild type and thanatophoric dysplasia were significantly different (95% CI: 13.2-26.9; n = 4 mice, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)). The pathology was corrected by systemic administration of a FGFR inhibitor to the mice. CONCLUSION: The patient-specific growth plate cartilage xenograft model for FGFR3 skeletal dysplasia indicated recapitulation of pathology and effectiveness of a FGFR inhibitor for treatment and warrants more study for its usefulness to study disease pathology and drug testing. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.07.015