The pathophysiology of cervical spinal cord injury: what are the differences between traumatic injury and degenerative disorder.

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Abstract

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no competing interests. 17. Spinal Cord. 2015 May;53(5):408-12. doi: 10.1038/sc.2014.137. Epub 2014 Sep 2. Rapid progressive clinical deterioration of cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Morishita Y(1), Matsushita A(1), Maeda T(1), Ueta T(1), Naito M(2), Shiba K(1). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spinal Injuries Center, Iizuka, Japan. (2)Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the pathophysiology of rapid progressive clinical deterioration following the onset of cervical myelopathy. SETTING: Spinal Injuries Center, Fukuoka, Japan. METHODS: A total of 43 cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) patients were treated surgically by a senior surgeon. All patients showed intramedullary intensity changes on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Overall, eight patients suffered rapid progressive clinical deterioration; four of them had obvious anamnesis of minor trauma. We assessed the responsible injured segment by MR T2-weighted images. Clinical instabilities at the focal segment were evaluated using functional sagittal plain radiographs. Neurological evaluations were performed preoperatively and at 12 months postoperatively using American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) motor scores and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores for cervical myelopathy. Intraoperatively, we evaluated the presence of adhesive scar tissue on the dura mater at the focal segment. RESULTS: The responsible injured segment was C3-4 in 75% of the rapid progressive (rp)-CSM and in 28.57% of the conventional CSM subjects. One with rp-CSM showed sagittal translational segmental instability. Preoperative ASIA motor scores and JOA scores in the rp-CSM were significantly lower than those in the conventional CSM subjects. Postoperative ASIA motor scores between the subjects showed no significant differences; however, postoperative JOA scores in the rp-CSM subjects were significantly lower. Moreover, an epidural membrane was observed in 62.5% of rp-CSM and 11.4% of conventional CSM subjects. CONCLUSIONS: We hypothesized that the pathophysiology of rp-CSM might be additional cervical cord disorder following the onset of cervical myelopathy. Early decompression surgery is recommended in such patients. DOI: 10.1038/sc.2014.137