Osteoarthritis, Osteophytes, and Enthesophytes Affect Biomechanical Function in Adults With X-linked Hypophosphatemia.

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Abstract

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 4. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2025 Mar 25;16:1549562. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1549562. eCollection 2025. Development of animal models with chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder based on clinical characteristics and pathogenesis. Tan B(#)(1), Tang W(#)(2), Zeng Y(1), Liu J(1), Du X(1), Su H(3), Pang X(2), Liao L(4), Hu Q(1). Author information: (1)Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China. (2)Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China. (3)Department of Urology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China. (4)Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China. (#)Contributed equally Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is a systemic complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), resulting in high morbidity and mortality. However, effective treatment strategies are lacking. The pathogenesis of CKD-MBD is unclear but involves feedback mechanisms between calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D and other factors, in addition to FGF23, Klotho, Wnt inhibitors, and activin A. Construction of a perfect animal model of CKD-MBD with clinical characteristics is important for in-depth study of disease development, pathological changes, targeted drug screening, and management of patients. Currently, the modeling methods of CKD-MBD include surgery, feeding and radiation. Additionally, the method of CKD-MBD modeling by surgical combined feeding is worth promoting because of short time, simplicity, and low mortality. Therefore, this review based on the pathogenesis and clinical features of CKD-MBD, combined with the current status of animal models, outlines the advantages and disadvantages of modeling methods, and provides a reference for further CKD-MBD research. Copyright © 2025 Tan, Tang, Zeng, Liu, Du, Su, Pang, Liao and Hu. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1549562 PMCID: PMC11975589