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Evidence Search

Search reputable indexed orthopaedic literature from multiple scholarly sources, classify the evidence, and link papers directly to wiki topics and cases.

Sources: PubMed, Europe PMC, Crossref

Linking results to Wiki: Types of Callus in Fracture Healing
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Results are classified automatically from source metadata across PubMed, Europe PMC, and Crossref.
Crossref PubMed
Crossref Review Article Evidence Moderate

Review for "Wnt1 boosts fracture healing by enhancing bone formation in the fracture callus"

Journal unavailable | 2023

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Crossref Review Article Evidence Moderate

Review for "Wnt1 boosts fracture healing by enhancing bone formation in the fracture callus"

Journal unavailable | 2023

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Crossref Review Article Evidence Moderate

Decision letter for "Wnt1 boosts fracture healing by enhancing bone formation in the fracture callus"

Journal unavailable | 2023

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Crossref Review Article Evidence Moderate

Review for "Wnt1 boosts fracture healing by enhancing bone formation in the fracture callus"

Journal unavailable | 2022

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Crossref Review Article Evidence Moderate

Review for "Wnt1 boosts fracture healing by enhancing bone formation in the fracture callus"

Journal unavailable | 2022

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Crossref Review Article Evidence Moderate

Decision letter for "Wnt1 boosts fracture healing by enhancing bone formation in the fracture callus"

Journal unavailable | 2022

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Spatial transcriptomic profiling of decalcified murine musculoskeletal samples via Xenium Prime 5K.

JBMR plus | 2026 | Lammlin L, Tran HX, Mohan A, Newton MD

Conflict of interest statement: T.M. is a paid consultant for RelationRx. All other authors have nothing to disclose. 9. Bone Rep. 2024 Jun 19;22:101780. doi: 10.1016/j.bonr.2024.101780. eCollection 2024 Sep. Activation of Wnt signaling in human fracture callus and nonunion tissues. Hadjiargyrou M(1), Kotsiopriftis M(2), Lauzier D(2), Hamdy RC(2), Kloen P(3)(4). Author informat...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Effects of aging on the immune and periosteal response to fracture injury.

Bone | 2025 | King JS, Wan M, Kim A, Prabhu S

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of competing interest All authors report no conflicts of interest. 6. Thromb Res. 2013 Mar;131(3):e114-9. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2013.01.001. Epub 2013 Jan 17. The effect of various types low molecular weight heparins on fracture healing. Say F(1), Iltar S, Alemdaroğlu KB, Ozel I, Aydoğan NH, Gönültaş M. Author...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

COX-2 in Fracture Callus Chondro-Osseous Junction Osteoclasts Regulates Chondrocyte Hypertrophy and Callus Vasculogenesis.

Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society | 2025 | Teitelbaum M, Lin HN, Culbertson MD, Wetterstrand C

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 13. bioRxiv [Preprint]. 2024 Nov 6:2024.11.06.622348. doi: 10.1101/2024.11.06.622348. Effects of Aging on the Immune and Periosteal Response to Fracture in Mice. King JS, Wan M, Kim A, Novak S, Prabhu S, Kalajzic I, Delany AM, Sanjay A. Update in Bone. 2025 Sep;198:117524. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2025.117524. Aging predisposes individuals to reduced bone mass...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Targeting senescent cells to boost bone fracture healing.

The Journal of clinical investigation | 2024 | Hofbauer LC, Baschant U, Hofbauer C

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Conflict of interest: The authors have declared that no conflict of interest exists. 3. Skeletal Radiol. 1981;6(1):21-5. doi: 10.1007/BF00347342. Nonunion. Naimark A, Miller K, Segal D, Kossoff J. Nonunion can be classified into hypertrophic and atrophic types solely on radiographic appearance. The etiology of the former is...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Activation of Wnt signaling in human fracture callus and nonunion tissues.

Bone reports | 2024 | Hadjiargyrou M, Kotsiopriftis M, Lauzier D, Hamdy RC

Conflict of interest statement: None. 10. Chir Main. 2008 Apr-Jun;27(2-3):65-75. doi: 10.1016/j.main.2008.05.004. Epub 2008 Jun 9. [Scaphoid malunion]. [Article in French] Saffar P(1). Author information: (1)Institut Français de Chirurgie de la Main, Paris, France. psaffar@ifcm.org Scaphoid fracture and healing are often difficult to diagnose. The scaphoid bone may heal in an a...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Effects of Aging on the Immune and Periosteal Response to Fracture in Mice.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology | 2024 | King JS, Wan M, Kim A, Novak S

14. Bone Rep. 2022 Aug 28;17:101616. doi: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101616. eCollection 2022 Dec. The role of hypertrophic chondrocytes in regulation of the cartilage-to-bone transition in fracture healing. Kodama J(1), Wilkinson KJ(1), Iwamoto M(1), Otsuru S(1), Enomoto-Iwamoto M(1). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltim...

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PubMed Cohort / Comparative Study Evidence Moderate

[Scaphoid malunion].

Chirurgie de la main | 2008 | Saffar P

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 11. Injury. 2021 Jun;52 Suppl 2:S78-S83. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.10.009. Epub 2020 Oct 2. The role of mechanical stimulation in the enhancement of bone healing. Augat P(1), Hollensteiner M(2), von Rüden C(3). Author information: (1)Institute for Biomechanics, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Murnau, Murnau, Germany; Institute for Biomechanics Para...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Stability Analysis of Plate-Screw Fixation for Femoral Midshaft Fractures.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland) | 2023 | Basirom I, Daud R, Ijaz MF, Rojan MA

Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

Three-Dimensional Computational Model Simulating the Initial Callus Growth during Fracture Healing in Long Bones: Application to Different Fracture Types

Bioengineering | 2023 | José M. Naveiro, Luis Gracia, Jorge Roces, Jorge Albareda

Bone fractures are among the most common and potentially serious injuries to the skeleton, femoral shaft fractures being especially severe. Thanks to recent advances in the area of in silico analysis, several approximations of the bone healing process have been achieved. In this context, the objective of this work was to simulate the initial phase of callus formation in long bo...

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PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Fracture healing: the diamond concept.

Injury | 2007 | Giannoudis PV, Einhorn TA, Marsh D

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 2. J Clin Invest. 2024 Jun 17;134(12):e181974. doi: 10.1172/JCI181974. Targeting senescent cells to boost bone fracture healing. Hofbauer LC(1)(2), Baschant U(1), Hofbauer C(3)(4). Author information: (1)Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III & University Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden Me...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

The role of hypertrophic chondrocytes in regulation of the cartilage-to-bone transition in fracture healing.

Bone reports | 2022 | Kodama J, Wilkinson KJ, Iwamoto M, Otsuru S

Conflict of interest statement: Joe Kodama: No conflict of interest to report. Kevin J. Wilkinson: No conflict of interest to report. Masahiro Iwamoto: No conflict of interest to report. Satoru Otsuru: Funded by 10.13039/100000002NIH Grant Number R01AR075733, R21AR077654. Motomi Enomoto-Iwamoto: No conflict of interest to report. This research did not receive any specific grant...

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Crossref Scholarly Work Evidence Unclassified

Femoral shaft fracture healing - callus formation

Radiopaedia.org | 2022 | Leonardo Lustosa

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

The role of mechanical stimulation in the enhancement of bone healing.

Injury | 2021 | Augat P, Hollensteiner M, von Rüden C

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of Competing Interest All authors have significantly contributed to the work and the writing of the manuscript. Peter Augat is member of the Research Committee of the Osteosynthesis and Trauma Care Foundation. None of the authors has to declare any additional conflict of interest. 12. J Orthop Res. 2025 Nov;43(11...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Modulation of Notch1 signaling regulates bone fracture healing.

Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society | 2020 | Novak S, Roeder E, Sinder BP, Adams DJ

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 8. JBMR Plus. 2026 Apr 14;10(6):ziag070. doi: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziag070. eCollection 2026 Jun. Spatial transcriptomic profiling of decalcified murine musculoskeletal samples via Xenium Prime 5K. Lammlin L(1)(2), Tran HX(1)(2)(3), Mohan A(1)(2), Newton MD(2), Howser SC(2), Redding SJ(2), Capobianco CA(2)(3), Hankenson KD(2)(3), Knights AJ(2)(4)(5), Maerz T(1)(...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Mechanoregulation modeling of bone healing in realistic fracture geometries.

Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology | 2020 | Ren T, Dailey HL

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 17. Calcif Tissue Int. 2018 Dec;103(6):653-662. doi: 10.1007/s00223-018-0461-x. Epub 2018 Aug 3. Early Fracture Healing is Delayed in the Col1a2(+/G610C) Osteogenesis Imperfecta Murine Model. Besio R(1), Maruelli S(1), Battaglia S(2), Leoni L(1), Villani S(3), Layrolle P(2), Rossi A(1), Trichet V(2), Forlino A(4). Author information: (1)Department of Molec...

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Crossref Scholarly Work Evidence Unclassified

Fracture healing - callus

Radiopaedia.org | 2020 | Ian Bickle

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Psoralen accelerates bone fracture healing by activating both osteoclasts and osteoblasts.

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology | 2019 | Zhang T, Han W, Zhao K, Yang W

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 16. Biomech Model Mechanobiol. 2020 Dec;19(6):2307-2322. doi: 10.1007/s10237-020-01340-5. Epub 2020 Jun 10. Mechanoregulation modeling of bone healing in realistic fracture geometries. Ren T(1), Dailey HL(2). Author information: (1)Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA. tir416@lehigh.edu. (2)Department of...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Early Fracture Healing is Delayed in the Col1a2(+/G610C) Osteogenesis Imperfecta Murine Model.

Calcified tissue international | 2018 | Besio R, Maruelli S, Battaglia S, Leoni L

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 18. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2017 Jul;29(4):385-395. doi: 10.1177/1040638716679861. Epub 2017 Jan 6. Mechanisms of bone response to injury. Dittmer KE(1)(2), Firth EC(1)(2). Author information: (1)Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand (Dittmer). (2)Department of Sport and Exercise, Faculty of S...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Mechanisms of bone response to injury.

Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc | 2017 | Dittmer KE, Firth EC

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 19. Injury. 1997 Nov-Dec;28(9-10):629-31. doi: 10.1016/s0020-1383(97)00126-5. The bony callus. Oni OA(1). Author information: (1)Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK. The bony callus was investigated by staining with the PAS and von Gieson techniques. The callus appeared to be composed of two adjoining but distinct types of bone. The birefringence observed in...

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Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

Temporal delimitation of the healing phases via monitoring of fracture callus stiffness in rats

Journal of Orthopaedic Research | 2014 | Tim Wehner, Katharina Gruchenberg, Ronny Bindl, Stefan Recknagel

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Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

Quantification of cartilaginous callus by contrast enhanced micro computed tomography imaging for fracture healing evaluation

Journal of Orthopaedic Translation | 2014 | S.K.H. Chow, U.Y. Chow, K.S. Leung, W.H. Cheung

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Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

Low-magnitude high-frequency vibration enhances gene expression related to callus formation, mineralization and remodeling during osteoporotic fracture healing in rats

Journal of Orthopaedic Research | 2014 | Shu-Lu Chung, Kwok-Sui Leung, Wing-Hoi Cheung

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

The effect of various types low molecular weight heparins on fracture healing.

Thrombosis research | 2013 | Say F, Iltar S, Alemdaroğlu KB, Ozel I

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 7. J Orthop Res. 2020 Nov;38(11):2350-2361. doi: 10.1002/jor.24650. Epub 2020 Mar 16. Modulation of Notch1 signaling regulates bone fracture healing. Novak S(1), Roeder E(1), Sinder BP(1), Adams DJ(2)(3), Siebel CW(4), Grcevic D(5), Hankenson KD(6), Matthews BG(1)(7), Kalajzic I(1). Author information: (1)Department of Reconstructive Sciences, UConn Health...

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Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

Early fracture callus displays smooth muscle‐like viscoelastic properties ex vivo: Implications for fracture healing

Journal of Orthopaedic Research | 2009 | Stuart J. McDonald, Philip C. Dooley, Aaron C. McDonald, Johannes A. Schuijers

AbstractCells of early, fibrous callus in bone fractures possess much alpha smooth muscle actin. This callus contracts and relaxes; however, active and passive components of its force production have yet to be defined. We aimed to establish whether passive viscoelastic properties of early soft fracture callus are smooth muscle‐like in nature. Under anesthesia one rib was fractu...

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Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

Genes with greater up‐regulation in the fracture callus of older rats with delayed healing

Journal of Orthopaedic Research | 2007 | Martha H. Meyer, Ralph A. Meyer

AbstractThe rate of bone formation to bridge a fracture gap slows with age. To explore potential pathogenic mechanisms and possible negative‐feedback responses by the skeleton to this reduced rate of healing, mRNA transcripts up‐regulated more and/or longer were studied in older rats with delayed healing. Female rats at 6 (young), 26 (adult), and 52 (old) weeks of age received...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

The bony callus.

Injury | 1997 | Oni OA

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 20. Materials (Basel). 2023 Aug 30;16(17):5958. doi: 10.3390/ma16175958. Stability Analysis of Plate-Screw Fixation for Femoral Midshaft Fractures. Basirom I(1), Daud R(1), Ijaz MF(2), Rojan MA(1), Basaruddin KS(1). Author information: (1)Fracture and Damage Mechanics (FDM), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Perlis, Arau 026...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

The footballer's fracture.

British journal of sports medicine | 1996 | Cattermole HR, Hardy JR, Gregg PJ

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 5. Bone. 2025 Sep;198:117524. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2025.117524. Epub 2025 May 15. Effects of aging on the immune and periosteal response to fracture injury. King JS(1), Wan M(1), Kim A(2), Prabhu S(1), Novak S(3), Kalajzic I(3), Delany AM(4), Sanjay A(5). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopedic Surgery, United States of America; UConn Musculoskeleta...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Nonunion.

Skeletal radiology | 1981 | Naimark A, Miller K, Segal D, Kossoff J

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 4. Br J Sports Med. 1996 Jun;30(2):171-5. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.30.2.171. The footballer's fracture. Cattermole HR(1), Hardy JR, Gregg PJ. Author information: (1)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital of St Cross, Rugby, United Kingdom. Erratum in Br J Sports Med 1996 Sep;30(3):273. OBJECTIVE: To describe the typical tibial diaphyseal fracture ("footballe...

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Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

Studies on the Mechanism of Callus Cartilage Differentiation and Calcification During Fracture Healing

Orthopedic Clinics of North America | 1978 | Ara Y. Ketenjian, Ali M. Jafri, Charolampos Arsenis

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