Defective mineralization: osteoid in adults (osteomalacia) vs physis in children (rickets). Etiologies: Vit D deficiency/resistance, phosphate deficiency (tumor‑induced, hereditary), renal tubular acidosis, CKD. Clinical: bone pain, proximal myopathy, waddling gait; in children—wrist/ankle widening, bowing, rachitic rosary, Harrison sulcus. Biochemical: Low Ca/PO4, High ALP, High PTH, Low 25‑OH Vit D (pattern varies in renal disease). Radiology: Looser’s zones; in rickets—widened physes with cupping/fraying, osteopenia. Treatment: Vitamin D and calcium; treat specific causes (phosphate, calcitriol, burosumab in XLH).
What is the primary biochemical abnormality found in osteomalacia?
Which of the following is a classic radiographic finding in rickets?
Which condition is most commonly associated with vitamin D deficiency in children?
What is a common clinical feature of osteomalacia in adults?
In rickets, which skeletal structure is primarily affected?
What is the treatment of choice for X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH)?
Which of the following best describes the clinical manifestation of Looser's zones?
What would you expect to find on laboratory tests in a patient with osteomalacia?
Which of the following is a common cause of phosphate deficiency leading to rickets?
Which physical examination finding is typically associated with rickets in children?
