Evidence Search

Management of first-time patellar dislocation: The ESSKA 2024 formal consensus-Part 1.

Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA | 2025 | Blønd L, Askenberger M, Stephen J, Akmeşe R

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Lars Blønd reports consulting for Arthrex. Peter Balcarek reports consulting for Arthrex. Philippe Beaufils serves as the ESSKA Consensus Projects Advisor. Florian Dirisamer reports consulting for Arthrex and receives royalties from Arthrex Inc. Rene El Attal reports consulting for Arthrex, DepuySynthes and Zimmer Biomet. Ge...

Imaging evaluation of patellofemoral joint instability: a review.

Knee surgery & related research | 2023 | Barbosa RM, da Silva MV, Macedo CS, Santos CP

Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. 10. Unfallchirurg. 2019 Jan;122(1):22-32. doi: 10.1007/s00113-018-0582-8. [Patellofemoral instability in children and adolescents]. [Article in German] Schützenberger S(1). Author information: (1)AUVA Traumazentrum Wien, Standort Meidling, Kundratstr. 37, 1120, Wien, Österreich. sebastian...

Patellofemoral Instability Part I: Evaluation and Nonsurgical Treatment.

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons | 2022 | Pauyo T, Park JP, Bozzo I, Bernstein M

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 3. Clin Sports Med. 2014 Jul;33(3):xiii-xiv. doi: 10.1016/j.csm.2014.05.001. Understanding the patellofemoral joint: from instability to arthroplasty. Meininger AK(1). Author information: (1)Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Steamboat Orthopaedic Associates, P.C., 940 Central Park Drive, Suite 190, Steamboat Springs, CO 80487, USA. Electronic addres...

A Review of the Lateral Patellofemoral Joint: Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Surgical Procedures.

Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews | 2022 | Siljander B, Tompkins M, Martinez-Cano JP

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 7. J Knee Surg. 2022 Feb;35(3):232-241. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1741429. Epub 2022 Jan 27. Bracing for the Patellofemoral Joint. Phillips R(1)(2), Choo S(1), Nuelle CW(1). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Missouri Orthopaedic Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri. (2)Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Mis...

Bracing for the Patellofemoral Joint.

The journal of knee surgery | 2022 | Phillips R, Choo S, Nuelle CW

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: None declared. 8. Ann Jt. 2022 Jan 15;7:2. doi: 10.21037/aoj-2020-02. eCollection 2022. Evaluation and management of patellar instability. Dennis ER(1), Gruber S(1), Marmor WA(1), Shubin Stein BE(1). Author information: (1)The Patellofemoral Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY...

Evaluation and management of patellar instability.

Annals of joint | 2022 | Dennis ER, Gruber S, Marmor WA, Shubin Stein BE

Conflict of interest statement: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/aoj-2020-02). The series “Sports Related Injuries of the Female Athlete” was commissioned by the editorial office without any funding or sponsorship. BESS reports personal fees from Arthrex, outside the submitted work. In a...

Radiological evaluation of patellofemoral instability and possible causes of assessment errors.

World journal of methodology | 2022 | Ormeci T, Turkten I, Sakul BU

Conflict of interest statement: Conflict-of-interest statement: Authors declare no conflict of interest for this article. 15. Cureus. 2024 Jan 29;16(1):e53170. doi: 10.7759/cureus.53170. eCollection 2024 Jan. Anatomic Risk Factors for Patellofemoral Joint Instability: An Infographic as a Visual Learning Tool. Vasiliadis AV(1), Troupis T(2), Chrysikos D(3), Chytas D(4), Noussios...

Recurrent Patellofemoral Instability in the Pediatric Patient: Management and Pitfalls.

Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine | 2020 | Vellios EE, Trivellas M, Arshi A, Beck JJ

Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare they have no conflicts of interest.

[Patellofemoral instability in children and adolescents].

Der Unfallchirurg | 2019 | Schützenberger S

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 11. Acta Chir Iugosl. 2010;57(4):39-45. doi: 10.2298/aci1004039l. Patellofemoral disorders and instability. Lesić AR(1), Bumbasirević M, Sudjić VS, Mitković MM, Tulić GDz, Ivancević N, Jakovljević A, Bajec DD. Author information: (1)School of Medicine, Clinic for Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clinical Centre, School of Medicine, Belgrade, Belgrade....

Surgical management of patellofemoral instability. I. Imaging considerations.

Skeletal radiology | 2019 | Purohit N, Hancock N, Saifuddin A

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 19. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2016 Jun;24(6):1836-44. doi: 10.1007/s00167-016-4103-4. Epub 2016 Apr 27. Early osteoarthritis of the patellofemoral joint. Arendt EA(1), Berruto M(2), Filardo G(3), Ronga M(4), Zaffagnini S(5), Farr J(6), Ferrua P(2), Grassi A(5), Condello V(7). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University o...

Rehabilitation After Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction.

Sports medicine and arthroscopy review | 2017 | McGee TG, Cosgarea AJ, McLaughlin K, Tanaka M

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 6. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2022 Jul 20;6(7):e21.00255. doi: 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-21-00255. eCollection 2022 Jul 1. A Review of the Lateral Patellofemoral Joint: Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Surgical Procedures. Siljander B(1), Tompkins M, Martinez-Cano JP. Author information: (1)From the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota,...

Adolescent patellar instability: current concepts review.

The bone & joint journal | 2017 | Clark D, Metcalfe A, Wogan C, Mandalia V

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 14. World J Methodol. 2022 Mar 20;12(2):64-82. doi: 10.5662/wjm.v12.i2.64. eCollection 2022 Mar 20. Radiological evaluation of patellofemoral instability and possible causes of assessment errors. Ormeci T(1), Turkten I(2), Sakul BU(2). Author information: (1)Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, İstanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34200, Turkey. t...

[Treatment of patellar instability].

Ugeskrift for laeger | 2017 | Lind M, Faunø P, Sørensen OG, Mygind-Klavsen B

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 18. Skeletal Radiol. 2019 Jun;48(6):859-869. doi: 10.1007/s00256-018-3123-1. Epub 2018 Dec 12. Surgical management of patellofemoral instability. I. Imaging considerations. Purohit N(1), Hancock N(2), Saifuddin A(3). Author information: (1)Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK...

Patellofemoral Pain and Instability in Adolescent Athletes.

Sports medicine and arthroscopy review | 2016 | Bessette M, Saluan P

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 17. Ugeskr Laeger. 2017 Sep 18;179(38):V04170329. [Treatment of patellar instability]. [Article in Danish] Lind M(1), Faunø P, Sørensen OG, Mygind-Klavsen B. Author information: (1)martinlind@dadlnet.dk. First-time patellar luxation appears typically in teenagers and young adults below the age of 16 years, with a prevalence of 45/100,000/year. This luxatio...

Early osteoarthritis of the patellofemoral joint.

Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA | 2016 | Arendt EA, Berruto M, Filardo G, Ronga M

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 20. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2020 Feb;13(1):58-68. doi: 10.1007/s12178-020-09607-1. Recurrent Patellofemoral Instability in the Pediatric Patient: Management and Pitfalls. Vellios EE(1), Trivellas M(2), Arshi A(2), Beck JJ(3). Author information: (1)Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New Yor...

Normal anatomy and biomechanics of the knee.

Sports medicine and arthroscopy review | 2011 | Flandry F, Hommel G

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 2. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2022 Nov 15;30(22):e1431-e1442. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-22-00254. Epub 2022 Aug 29. Patellofemoral Instability Part I: Evaluation and Nonsurgical Treatment. Pauyo T(1), Park JP, Bozzo I, Bernstein M. Author information: (1)From the Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Pauyo), the...

Recurrent Patellofemoral Instability

Orthopaedic Sports Medicine | 2026 | Magaly Iñiguez Cuadra

Patellofemoral disorders and instability.

Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica | 2010 | Lesić AR, Bumbasirević M, Sudjić VS, Mitković MM

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 12. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2025 May;33(5):1925-1932. doi: 10.1002/ksa.12620. Epub 2025 Feb 20. Management of first-time patellar dislocation: The ESSKA 2024 formal consensus-Part 1. Blønd L(1)(2), Askenberger M(3), Stephen J(4), Akmeşe R(5), Balcarek P(6), El Attal R(7), Chouliaras V(8), Ferrua P(9)(10), Monart JM(11), Pagenstert G(12), Silla...

Impact of Femoral and Tibial Torsion on Patellofemoral Loading in Individuals With Patellofemoral Instability

Journal of Orthopaedic Research | 2025 | Bernhard Guggenberger, Willi Koller, Andreas Habersack, Tanja Kraus

ABSTRACTPatellofemoral stability is affected by several morphological factors including torsional alignment. To elucidate the impact of factors responsible for the stability of the patellofemoral joint, biomechanical research utilizes the analysis of joint contact forces. At present, there is a paucity of modeling‐based research examining the influence of lower limb torsion on...

Anatomic Risk Factors for Patellofemoral Joint Instability: An Infographic as a Visual Learning Tool.

Cureus | 2024 | Vasiliadis AV, Troupis T, Chrysikos D, Chytas D

Conflict of interest statement: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. 16. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev. 2016 Dec;24(4):144-149. doi: 10.1097/JSA.0000000000000133. Patellofemoral Pain and Instability in Adolescent Athletes. Bessette M(1), Saluan P. Author information: (1)Cleveland Clinic Sports Health, Garfield Heights, OH. Injuries and disorders of the patello...

Patellofemoral instability: Current status and future perspectives.

Journal of orthopaedics | 2023 | Migliorini F, Maffulli N, Vaishya R

5. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev. 2017 Jun;25(2):105-113. doi: 10.1097/JSA.0000000000000147. Rehabilitation After Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction. McGee TG(1), Cosgarea AJ, McLaughlin K, Tanaka M, Johnson K. Author information: (1)Departments of *Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation †Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. Patellar instability...

Patellofemoral Instability: a review paper

Journal of Orthopaedic Medicine | 2006 | Richard Ellis, Solomon Abrahams

Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction Using Suture Tape for Patellofemoral Joint Instability

Orthopaedic Surgery | 2021 | Jun‐cai Xu, Bo‐xuan Zhang, Yan‐feng Jia, Xiao‐feng Wang

ObjectiveTo describe a surgical technique using suture tape for reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL). This technique restores the stability of the reconstructed ligament and has excellent postoperative outcomes.MethodThis is a retrospective analysis. From January 2016 to June 2018, 17 patients underwent MPFL reconstruction using high‐strength suture (Fibe...

Patellofemoral Disorders: Pain and/or Instability

OrthoMedia | 2021

Patellofemoral Instability: A Consensus Statement From the AOSSM/PFF Patellofemoral Instability Workshop

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine | 2018 | William R. Post, Donald C. Fithian

Treatment of the Objective Patellofemoral Instability

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine | 2017 | Federico Alfano, Walter Spreafico

Objectives: The aim of this study is to show the different surgical procedures for treating the objective patellar instability, including the different tibial tubercle osteotomies and the sulcus deepening trochleoplasty. Methods: This study analyzed the Caton-Deschamps index used for assessment of patellar height, the distance from the tibial tubercle to the troclear groove (TT...

Arthroscopic assessment of patellofemoral tracking predicts patellar instability

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine | 2017 | Ritwik Kejriwal, Peter Annear

Objectives: Surgical management of patellar instability includes proximal realignment procedure such as MPFL reconstruction. The decision to add a distal realignment procedure of tibial tubercle transfer is based on severity of patellar instability judged on either TTTG distance or arthroscopic patellofemoral tracking. We set out to validate our use of arthroscopic patellofemor...

Arthroscopic assessment of patellofemoral tracking predicts patellar instability

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine | 2017 | Ritwik Kejriwal, Peter Annear

Objectives: Surgical management of patellar instability includes proximal realignment procedure such as MPFL reconstruction. The decision to add a distal realignment procedure of tibial tubercle transfer is based on severity of patellar instability judged on either TTTG distance or arthroscopic patellofemoral tracking. We set out to validate our use of arthroscopic patellofemor...

The surgical management of patellofemoral instability: when is an isolated medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction indicated?

Current Orthopaedic Practice | 2016 | Neil Jain

Many factors contribute to patellofemoral instability. Surgical intervention may include additional procedures to reconstruct the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL). This review attempts to ascertain from the literature whether there is a threshold for when an isolated MPFL reconstruction will suffice and when an additional procedure would be required.

Imaging in Patellofemoral instability

Patellofemoral Instability | 2016 | Anupama Patil

Cartilage lesions in Patellofemoral instability

Patellofemoral Instability | 2016 | Raghu Raman

Patellofemoral instability after total knee arthroplasty

Patellofemoral Instability | 2016 | Miten Sheth

Understanding the patellofemoral joint: from instability to arthroplasty.

Clinics in sports medicine | 2014 | Meininger AK

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 4. J Orthop. 2022 Dec 21;36:49-50. doi: 10.1016/j.jor.2022.12.010. eCollection 2023 Feb. Patellofemoral instability: Current status and future perspectives. Migliorini F(1), Maffulli N(2), Vaishya R(3). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma, and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH University Hospital, 52074, Aachen, Germany. (2)Department of Me...

Treatment options for patellofemoral instability in sports traumatology

Orthopedic Review | 2013

The Role of Trochlear Dysplasia in Patellofemoral Instability

American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeon | 2011 | Matthew Bollier, John P. Fulkerson