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Evidence Search

Search reputable indexed orthopaedic literature from multiple scholarly sources, classify the evidence, and link papers directly to wiki topics and cases.

Sources: PubMed, Europe PMC, Crossref

Linking results to Wiki: CRPS — Budapest Criteria
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Results are classified automatically from source metadata across PubMed, Europe PMC, and Crossref.
PubMed Crossref
PubMed Guideline / Consensus Evidence High

Diagnostic Guidance for Chronic Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I and Type II from The American Society of Interventional Physicians (ASIPP).

Pain physician | 2025 | Gharibo C, Day M, Aydin SM, Kaye AD

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 10. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ). 2024 Jan-Mar;22(85):123-126. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Shakya S (1), Amatya S (2), Thapa S (2), Thapa P (3), Pokharel S (4). Author information: (1)Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal...

PubMed Systematic Review / Meta-analysis Evidence High

Efficacy and Safety of Pharmacological Treatment in Patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) | 2024 | Zhu H, Wen B, Xu J, Zhang Y

Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. 14. PLoS One. 2017 Mar 16;12(3):e0173688. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173688. eCollection 2017. Usefulness of bone scintigraphy for the diagnosis of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome 1: A systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis. Wertli MM(1)(2), Brunner F(3), Steurer J(1), Held U(1). Author informati...

PubMed Systematic Review / Meta-analysis Evidence High

Management of complex regional pain syndrome in trauma and orthopaedic surgery-a systematic review.

British medical bulletin | 2023 | Saed A, Neal-Smith G, Fernquest S, Bourget-Murray J

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 7. Interv Pain Med. 2024 Dec 2;3(4):100532. doi: 10.1016/j.inpm.2024.100532. eCollection 2024 Dec. Interventional pain management of CRPS in the pediatric population: A literature review. Mosquera-Moscoso J(1), Eldrige J(2), Encalada S(2), Mendonca LFP(2), Hallo-Carrasco A(2), Shan A(3), Rabatin A(4)(5), Mina M(6), Prokop L(7), Hunt C(1). Author informatio...

PubMed Systematic Review / Meta-analysis Evidence High

Usefulness of bone scintigraphy for the diagnosis of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome 1: A systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis.

PloS one | 2017 | Wertli MM, Brunner F, Steurer J, Held U

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. 15. Neurol India. 2022 May-Jun;70(3):1119-1124. doi: 10.4103/0028-3886.349675. Osteo-Cutaneous Trophic Changes in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome and their Reversal with Steroids. Pradhan S(1), Bansal R(1), Das A(1), Pardasani V(2), Malhotra HS(...

PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

The Warm Phase of CRPS Type-1: Is It Time to Review the Budapest Criteria?

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) | 2025 | Saviola G, Rosini S, Molfetta L, Dalle Carbonare L

Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. 5. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2018 Feb 1;22(1):7. doi: 10.1007/s11916-018-0659-7. Utility of Radionuclide Bone Scintigraphy in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Howard BA(1), Roy L(2), Kaye AD(3), Pyati S(4)(5). Author information: (1)Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Duke University M...

PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Treatment Approaches.

Cureus | 2024 | Lima Pessôa B, Netto JGM, Adolphsson L, Longo L

Conflict of interest statement: Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at presen...

PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Interventional pain management of CRPS in the pediatric population: A literature review.

Interventional pain medicine | 2024 | Mosquera-Moscoso J, Eldrige J, Encalada S, Mendonca LFP

Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Christine Hunt reports a relationship with 10.13039/100019969Nevro Corp that includes: funding grants, not related to this study. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financia...

PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Utility of Radionuclide Bone Scintigraphy in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.

Current pain and headache reports | 2018 | Howard BA, Roy L, Kaye AD, Pyati S

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 6. Br Med Bull. 2023 Jun 21;146(1):27-42. doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldac034. Management of complex regional pain syndrome in trauma and orthopaedic surgery-a systematic review. Saed A(1), Neal-Smith G(1), Fernquest S(1), Bourget-Murray J(1), Wood A(1). Author information: (1)Investigation Performed at the Trauma & Orthopaedic Department, Oxford Trauma Unit, John Ra...

PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I: historical perspective and critical issues.

Clinical cases in mineral and bone metabolism : the official journal of the Italian Society of Osteoporosis, Mineral Metabolism, and Skeletal Diseases | 2015 | Iolascon G, de Sire A, Moretti A, Gimigliano F

9. Pain Physician. 2025 Jul;28(4):E287-E327. Diagnostic Guidance for Chronic Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I and Type II from The American Society of Interventional Physicians (ASIPP). Gharibo C(1), Day M(2), Aydin SM(3), Kaye AD(4), Abdi S(5), Diwan S(6), Doan LV(6), Feng D(7), Ferguson K(8), Georges K(9), Kaufman A(10), Knezevic NN(11), Li S(12), Liongson FA(13), Nampia...

PubMed Case Report / Series Evidence Low

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.

Kathmandu University medical journal (KUMJ) | 2024 | Shakya S , Amatya S , Thapa S , Thapa P

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 11. PLoS One. 2024 Nov 21;19(11):e0314307. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0314307. eCollection 2024. Complex regional pain syndrome after distal radius fracture: A survey of current practices. Wang AWT(1), Lefaivre KA(1)(2), Potter J(1)(2), Sepehri A(1)(2), Guy P(1)(2), Broekhuyse H(1)(2), Roffey DM(1)(2), Stockton DJ(1)(2). Author information: (1)Faculty of Me...

PubMed Case Report / Series Evidence Low

Postoperative Medial Plantar and Sural Neuropathy With Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.

Cureus | 2024 | Shin M, Senol S, Gershon SL

Conflict of interest statement: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationsh...

PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.

Journal unavailable | 2026 | Guthmiller KB, Dua A, Dey S, Varacallo MA

Conflict of interest statement: Disclosure: Kevin Guthmiller declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. Disclosure: Anterpreet Dua declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. Disclosure: Saugat Dey declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. Disclosure: Matthew Varacallo declares no relevant fi...

PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerance of pamidronate in complex regional pain syndrom type 1.

Scientific reports | 2025 | Doussiere M, Besnier C, Hamidou Y, Jesson C

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. No specific funding was received from any bodies in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors to carry out the work described in this article. 4. Diagnostics (Basel). 2025 Sep 20;15(18):2397. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics15182397. The Warm Ph...

PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Complex regional pain syndrome after distal radius fracture: A survey of current practices.

PloS one | 2024 | Wang AWT, Lefaivre KA, Potter J, Sepehri A

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. 12. Cureus. 2024 Jun 9;16(6):e62017. doi: 10.7759/cureus.62017. eCollection 2024 Jun. Postoperative Medial Plantar and Sural Neuropathy With Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Shin M(1), Senol S(1), Gershon SL(2). Author information: (1)Physical Medicine and Rehabilit...

PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Chronic regional pain syndrome following calcaneal fractures: what causes it and how may Vitamin C aid?

Acta orthopaedica Belgica | 2024 | Kazez M, Yalin M, Agar A

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 19. Harefuah. 2024 Sep;163(9):571-578. [COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROME AND FUNCTIONAL NEUROLOGICAL DISORDER IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: UNITY IN DIVERSITY]. [Article in Hebrew] Landa J(1), Silberg T(2), Gerner M(3), Eisenstein E(3), Barak S(4). Author information: (1)The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, Th...

PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

[COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROME AND FUNCTIONAL NEUROLOGICAL DISORDER IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: UNITY IN DIVERSITY].

Harefuah | 2024 | Landa J, Silberg T, Gerner M, Eisenstein E

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 20. Diagnostics (Basel). 2021 Aug 12;11(8):1459. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11081459. Diagnostic Performance of Three-Phase Bone Scintigraphy and Digital Infrared Thermography Imaging for Chronic Post-Traumatic Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Cheon M(1), Kang HJ(2), Do KH(2), Yang HS(2), Han EJ(3), Yoo J(1). Author information: (1)Veterans Health Service Medi...

PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

[Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) - State of the Art in Diagnostics and Therapy].

Zeitschrift fur Orthopadie und Unfallchirurgie | 2023 | Papenhoff MC, Habig K, Schmitz C, Lundin S

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Erklärung zu finanziellen Interessen Forschungsförderung erhalten: nein; Honorar/geldwerten Vorteil für Referententätigkeit erhalten: ja, von einer anderen Institution (Pharma- oder Medizintechnikfirma usw.); Bezahlter Berater/interner Schulungsreferent/Gehaltsempfänger: ja, von einer anderen Institution (Pharma- oder Medizi...

PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Osteo-Cutaneous Trophic Changes in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome and their Reversal with Steroids.

Neurology India | 2022 | Pradhan S, Bansal R, Das A, Pardasani V

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: None 16. Z Orthop Unfall. 2023 Jun;161(3):337-352. doi: 10.1055/a-1898-2454. Epub 2023 Jun 12. [Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) - State of the Art in Diagnostics and Therapy]. [Article in German] Papenhoff MC, Habig K, Schmitz C, Lundin S, Schreier D, Tineghe J, Dudda M. The complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) usuall...

PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Relative Prevalence and Associated Factors of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I in Patients with Radial Head Fractures Treated with Open Reduction and Internal Fixation: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Pain research & management | 2022 | Jia S, Ren C, Shi X, Shi T

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. 18. Acta Orthop Belg. 2024 Jun;90(2):271-277. doi: 10.52628/90.2.11928. Chronic regional pain syndrome following calcaneal fractures: what causes it and how may Vitamin C aid? Kazez M, Yalin M, Agar A. The purpose of the current study is to determine which variable...

PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Diagnostic Performance of Three-Phase Bone Scintigraphy and Digital Infrared Thermography Imaging for Chronic Post-Traumatic Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) | 2021 | Cheon M, Kang HJ, Do KH, Yang HS

Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Crossref Scholarly Work Evidence Unclassified

Diagnostic Accuracy of Hand Surgeons and Pain Specialists in Diagnosing CRPS Based on the Budapest Criteria

Journal unavailable | Pattariya Jänsch, Ariane Asmus, Sofia Pappa-Eisenschenk, Andreas Eisenschenk

Abstract BackgroundThe clinical presentation of complex regional pain syndrome is heterogenous. The Budapest criteria give a list of symptoms and signs for the diagnosis. But the physician will often set the diagnosis clinically from the collection of symptoms and his or her experience. This study examines the accuracy of hand surgeons and pain specialists for diagnosing CRPS u...