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Evidence Search

Search reputable indexed orthopaedic literature from multiple scholarly sources, classify the evidence, and link papers directly to wiki topics and cases.

Sources: PubMed, Europe PMC, Crossref

Linking results to Wiki: Denis Three-Column — Thoracolumbar Injuries
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Results are classified automatically from source metadata across PubMed, Europe PMC, and Crossref.
PubMed Crossref
PubMed Systematic Review / Meta-analysis Evidence High

Mechanical Instability After Civilian Thoracolumbar Gunshot Injuries: A Systematic Review to Support Classification Development.

Global spine journal | 2026 | Ricciardi GA, Cirillo I, Cabrera JP, Alvarenga Pereira OV

Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

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PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Analysis of the Classification Systems for Thoracolumbar Fractures in Adults and Their Evolution and Impact on Clinical Management.

Journal of clinical medicine | 2022 | Costachescu B, Popescu CE, Iliescu BF

Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest. 9. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2015 Mar;57(3):174-7. doi: 10.3340/jkns.2015.57.3.174. Epub 2015 Mar 20. Applicability of thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score to criteria of korean health insurance review and assessment service in treatment decision of thoracolumbar injury. Choi HJ(1), Kim...

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PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Applicability of thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score to criteria of korean health insurance review and assessment service in treatment decision of thoracolumbar injury.

Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society | 2015 | Choi HJ, Kim HS, Nam KH, Cho WH

10. Asian Spine J. 2015 Dec;9(6):984-94. doi: 10.4184/asj.2015.9.6.984. Epub 2015 Dec 8. The Concept of Evolution of Thoracolumbar Fracture Classifications Helps in Surgical Decisions. Azam MQ(1), Sadat-Ali M(1). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Since Boehler's sentinel description, a universally...

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PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

The Concept of Evolution of Thoracolumbar Fracture Classifications Helps in Surgical Decisions.

Asian spine journal | 2015 | Azam MQ, Sadat-Ali M

Conflict of interest statement: Conflict of Interest: No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. 11. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2014 Jun;100(4):379-83. doi: 10.1016/j.otsr.2014.03.016. Epub 2014 May 14. Biomechanical effects of vertebroplasty on thoracolumbar burst fracture with transpedicular fixation: a finite element model analysis. Xu G(1), Fu...

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Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

Lateral Column Realignment Combined With Anterior Longitudinal Ligament Release Versus Three‐Column Osteotomy in the Treatment of Thoracolumbar Kyphosis in Septuagenarians: A Retrospective Comparative Cohort Study

Orthopaedic Surgery | 2025 | Xue‐Peng Wei, Hung‐Lun Hsieh, Qing‐De Wang, Yi‐Hsun Huang

ABSTRACT Objective Adult thoracolumbar kyphosis secondary to osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF) impairs the quality of life. Traditional 3CO provides correction but carries a high risk of complications, especially in the elderly. Minimally invasive anterior approaches may be safer. This study aims to compare the radiographic and clinical outcomes of septuagenarians with tho...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Denis Classification.

Journal unavailable | 2023 | Zhang A, Chauvin BJ

Conflict of interest statement: Disclosure: Andrew Zhang declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. Disclosure: Brad J Chauvin declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. 2. Vertebral Fracture. Whitney E(1), Alastra AJ. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan–. 2023 Apr 3. Author i...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Vertebral Fracture.

Journal unavailable | 2023 | Whitney E, Alastra AJ

Conflict of interest statement: Disclosure: Eric Whitney declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. Disclosure: Anthony J Alastra declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. 3. Adv Orthop. 2018 Oct 9;2018:6085962. doi: 10.1155/2018/6085962. eCollection 2018. Stability of the Subaxial Spine after Penetrating Trauma: Do Cla...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Are "Unstable" Burst Fractures Really Unstable?

Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society | 2021 | Woo JH, Lee HW, Choi HJ, Kwon YM

Conflict of interest statement: CONFLICTS OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. 6. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1984 Oct;(189):65-76. Spinal instability as defined by the three-column spine concept in acute spinal trauma. Denis F. This article is a presentation of the concept of the three-column spine. The concept evolved from a retrospe...

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PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Spinal instability: the orthopedic approach.

Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology | 2005 | Kim CW, Perry A, Garfin SR

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 8. J Clin Med. 2022 Apr 29;11(9):2498. doi: 10.3390/jcm11092498. Analysis of the Classification Systems for Thoracolumbar Fractures in Adults and Their Evolution and Impact on Clinical Management. Costachescu B(1)(2), Popescu CE(2), Iliescu BF(1)(2). Author information: (1)Department of Neurosurgery, "Gr. T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 70011...

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Crossref Scholarly Work Evidence Unclassified

Thoracolumbar Flexion-Distraction Injuries: Chance Fracture-Dislocations

Pediatric Orthopedic Trauma Case Atlas | 2020 | Kevin M. Neal

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Stability of the Subaxial Spine after Penetrating Trauma: Do Classification Systems Apply?

Advances in orthopedics | 2018 | Staggers JR, Niemeier TE, Neway WE 3rd, Theiss SM

4. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1983 Nov-Dec;8(8):817-31. doi: 10.1097/00007632-198311000-00003. The three column spine and its significance in the classification of acute thoracolumbar spinal injuries. Denis F. From a retrospective study of 412 thoracolumbar injuries, the author introduces the concept of middle column or middle osteoligamentous complex between the traditionally reco...

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Crossref Scholarly Work Evidence Unclassified

The Three-Column Spine and Its Significance in the Classification of Acute Thoracolumbar Spine Injuries *

50 Landmark Papers | 2018 | Daniel Mendelsohn, Marcel F. Dvorak

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Crossref Scholarly Work Evidence Unclassified

Thoracolumbar Flexion-Distraction Injuries: Chance Fracture-Dislocations

Pediatric Orthopedic Trauma Case Atlas | 2018 | Kevin M. Neal

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Crossref Scholarly Work Evidence Unclassified

Chapter 69: Thoracolumbar Injuries

Decision Making in Orthopaedic Trauma | 2017

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Biomechanical effects of vertebroplasty on thoracolumbar burst fracture with transpedicular fixation: a finite element model analysis.

Orthopaedics & traumatology, surgery & research : OTSR | 2014 | Xu G, Fu X, Du C, Ma J

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 12. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 1997 Oct;8(4):499-507. Classification and acute management of thoracolumbar fractures. Vollmer DG(1), Gegg C. Author information: (1)Division of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78284-7843, USA. Successful management of traumatic injuries of the thoracolumbar spine requires...

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Crossref Scholarly Work Evidence Unclassified

The Three Column Spine and Its Significance in the Classification of Acute Thoracolumbar Spinal Injuries

Classic Papers in Orthopaedics | 2014 | Alexander D. L. Baker

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Crossref Scholarly Work Evidence Unclassified

Denis three column concept in spinal fracture

Radiopaedia.org | 2014 | Matt Skalski

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Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

The Fate of Neglected Three Column Injuries of the Thoracolumbar Spine

Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association | 2013 | Seung-Pyo Suh, Chul-Woong Kim, Chang-Nam Kang

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PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Classification and acute management of thoracolumbar fractures.

Neurosurgery clinics of North America | 1997 | Vollmer DG, Gegg C

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 13. Global Spine J. 2026 Mar;16(2):1300-1316. doi: 10.1177/21925682251379371. Epub 2025 Sep 11. Mechanical Instability After Civilian Thoracolumbar Gunshot Injuries: A Systematic Review to Support Classification Development. Ricciardi GA(1)(2)(3), Cirillo I(4)(5)(6), Cabrera JP(7)(8), Alvarenga Pereira OV(9), Vialle EN(9), Carazzo C(10), Dittmar M(11), Gui...

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Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

Monosegmental Fixation of Thoracolumbar Distraction Injuries

Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma | 1993 | S. D. Gertzbein, S. J. Triantafyllou, T. Takebayashi

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Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

Aortic Injuries in Thoracolumbar Spine Fracture-Dislocations

Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma | 1989 | Jeffery L. Stambough, Bret A. Ferree, Richard J. Fowl

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Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

Anterior Spine Stabilization and Decompression for Thoracolumbar Injuries

Orthopedic Clinics of North America | 1986 | Harold K. Dunn

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Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

Classification of Injuries to the Thoracolumbar Spine

Orthopedic Clinics of North America | 1986 | Robert W. Bucholz, Kevin Gill

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Spinal instability as defined by the three-column spine concept in acute spinal trauma.

Clinical orthopaedics and related research | 1984 | Denis F

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 7. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2005 Mar;9(1):77-87. doi: 10.1055/s-2005-867098. Spinal instability: the orthopedic approach. Kim CW(1), Perry A, Garfin SR. Author information: (1)Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, San Diego VA Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92103-8894, USA. The determination of spinal stability...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

The three column spine and its significance in the classification of acute thoracolumbar spinal injuries.

Spine | 1983 | Denis F

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 5. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2021 Nov;64(6):944-949. doi: 10.3340/jkns.2021.0080. Epub 2021 Oct 25. Are "Unstable" Burst Fractures Really Unstable? Woo JH(1), Lee HW(2), Choi HJ(1), Kwon YM(1). Author information: (1)Department of Neurosurgery, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea. (2)Department of Neurosurgery, Gup...

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Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

THE THREE-COLUMN SPINE CONCEPT AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN THE CLASSIFICATION OF THORACOLUMBAR SPINAL INJURIES

The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care | 1982 | Francis Denis, John F. Perry

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Crossref Scholarly Work Evidence Unclassified

Orthopaedic Basic Science and Commmon Sports Injuries

Orthopedic Principles — A Resident's Guide

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