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Evidence Search

Search reputable indexed orthopaedic literature from multiple scholarly sources, classify the evidence, and link papers directly to wiki topics and cases.

Sources: PubMed, Europe PMC, Crossref

Linking results to Wiki: Denis Three-Column — Thoracolumbar Injuries
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Results are classified automatically from source metadata across PubMed, Europe PMC, and Crossref.
PubMed Crossref
PubMed Systematic Review / Meta-analysis Evidence High

Mechanical Instability After Civilian Thoracolumbar Gunshot Injuries: A Systematic Review to Support Classification Development.

Global spine journal | 2026 | Ricciardi GA, Cirillo I, Cabrera JP, Alvarenga Pereira OV

Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. 9. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2021 Nov;64(6):944-949. doi: 10.3340/jkns.2021.0080. Epub 2021 Oct 25. Are "Unstable" Burst Fractures Really Unstable? Woo JH(1), Lee HW(2), Choi HJ(1)...

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PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Analysis of the Classification Systems for Thoracolumbar Fractures in Adults and Their Evolution and Impact on Clinical Management.

Journal of clinical medicine | 2022 | Costachescu B, Popescu CE, Iliescu BF

Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest. 5. Asian Spine J. 2015 Dec;9(6):984-94. doi: 10.4184/asj.2015.9.6.984. Epub 2015 Dec 8. The Concept of Evolution of Thoracolumbar Fracture Classifications Helps in Surgical Decisions. Azam MQ(1), Sadat-Ali M(1). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, University of Dammam...

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PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

The Concept of Evolution of Thoracolumbar Fracture Classifications Helps in Surgical Decisions.

Asian spine journal | 2015 | Azam MQ, Sadat-Ali M

Conflict of interest statement: Conflict of Interest: No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. 6. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 1997 Oct;8(4):499-507. Classification and acute management of thoracolumbar fractures. Vollmer DG(1), Gegg C. Author information: (1)Division of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio,...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Denis Classification.

Journal unavailable | 2026 | Zhang A, Chauvin BJ

Conflict of interest statement: Disclosure: Andrew Zhang declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. Disclosure: Brad Chauvin declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. 2. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2005 Mar;9(1):77-87. doi: 10.1055/s-2005-867098. Spinal instability: the orthopedic approach. Kim CW(1), Perry A, Garfin SR...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Vertebral Fracture.

Journal unavailable | 2026 | Whitney E, Alastra AJ

Conflict of interest statement: Disclosure: Eric Whitney declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. Disclosure: Anthony Alastra declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. 4. J Clin Med. 2022 Apr 29;11(9):2498. doi: 10.3390/jcm11092498. Analysis of the Classification Systems for Thoracolumbar Fractures in Adults and Their...

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Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

Lateral Column Realignment Combined With Anterior Longitudinal Ligament Release Versus Three‐Column Osteotomy in the Treatment of Thoracolumbar Kyphosis in Septuagenarians: A Retrospective Comparative Cohort Study

Orthopaedic Surgery | 2025 | Xue‐Peng Wei, Hung‐Lun Hsieh, Qing‐De Wang, Yi‐Hsun Huang

ABSTRACT Objective Adult thoracolumbar kyphosis secondary to osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF) impairs the quality of life. Traditional 3CO provides correction but carries a high risk of complications, especially in the elderly. Minimally invasive anterior approaches may be safer. This study aims to compare the radiographic and clinical outcomes of septuagenarians with tho...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Are "Unstable" Burst Fractures Really Unstable?

Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society | 2021 | Woo JH, Lee HW, Choi HJ, Kwon YM

Conflict of interest statement: CONFLICTS OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. 10. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2014 Jun;100(4):379-83. doi: 10.1016/j.otsr.2014.03.016. Epub 2014 May 14. Biomechanical effects of vertebroplasty on thoracolumbar burst fracture with transpedicular fixation: a finite element model analysis. Xu G(1), Fu...

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PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Spinal instability: the orthopedic approach.

Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology | 2005 | Kim CW, Perry A, Garfin SR

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 3. Vertebral Fracture. Whitney E(1), Alastra AJ. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan–. 2023 Apr 3. Author information: (1)Arrowhead Neurosurgical Medical Group The vertebrae are bones in the spine joined by articulations that not only protect the spinal cord but also allow axial loading and support of the limbs....

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Stability of the Subaxial Spine after Penetrating Trauma: Do Classification Systems Apply?

Advances in orthopedics | 2018 | Staggers JR, Niemeier TE, Neway WE 3rd, Theiss SM

8. Global Spine J. 2026 Mar;16(2):1300-1316. doi: 10.1177/21925682251379371. Epub 2025 Sep 11. Mechanical Instability After Civilian Thoracolumbar Gunshot Injuries: A Systematic Review to Support Classification Development. Ricciardi GA(1)(2)(3), Cirillo I(4)(5)(6), Cabrera JP(7)(8), Alvarenga Pereira OV(9), Vialle EN(9), Carazzo C(10), Dittmar M(11), Guiroy A(12), Yurac R(13)(...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Biomechanical effects of vertebroplasty on thoracolumbar burst fracture with transpedicular fixation: a finite element model analysis.

Orthopaedics & traumatology, surgery & research : OTSR | 2014 | Xu G, Fu X, Du C, Ma J

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 11. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1983 Nov-Dec;8(8):817-31. doi: 10.1097/00007632-198311000-00003. The three column spine and its significance in the classification of acute thoracolumbar spinal injuries. Denis F. From a retrospective study of 412 thoracolumbar injuries, the author introduces the concept of middle column or middle osteoligamentous complex between...

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PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Classification and acute management of thoracolumbar fractures.

Neurosurgery clinics of North America | 1997 | Vollmer DG, Gegg C

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 7. Adv Orthop. 2018 Oct 9;2018:6085962. doi: 10.1155/2018/6085962. eCollection 2018. Stability of the Subaxial Spine after Penetrating Trauma: Do Classification Systems Apply? Staggers JR(1), Niemeier TE(1), Neway WE 3rd(1), Theiss SM(1). Author information: (1)Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35205...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Spinal instability as defined by the three-column spine concept in acute spinal trauma.

Clinical orthopaedics and related research | 1984 | Denis F

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 13. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2015 Mar;57(3):174-7. doi: 10.3340/jkns.2015.57.3.174. Epub 2015 Mar 20. Applicability of thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score to criteria of korean health insurance review and assessment service in treatment decision of thoracolumbar injury. Choi HJ(1), Kim HS(1), Nam KH(1), Cho WH(1), Choi BK(1), Han IH(1). A...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

The three column spine and its significance in the classification of acute thoracolumbar spinal injuries.

Spine | 1983 | Denis F

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 12. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1984 Oct;(189):65-76. Spinal instability as defined by the three-column spine concept in acute spinal trauma. Denis F. This article is a presentation of the concept of the three-column spine. The concept evolved from a retrospective review of 412 thoracolumbar spine injuries and observations on spinal instability. The posterior c...

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