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Evidence Search

Search reputable indexed orthopaedic literature from multiple scholarly sources, classify the evidence, and link papers directly to wiki topics and cases.

Sources: PubMed, Europe PMC, Crossref

Linking results to Wiki: AO Spine Thoracolumbar Classification
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Results are classified automatically from source metadata across PubMed, Europe PMC, and Crossref.
PubMed Crossref
PubMed Systematic Review / Meta-analysis Evidence High

Does Operative or Nonoperative Treatment Achieve Better Results in A3 and A4 Spinal Fractures Without Neurological Deficit?: Systematic Literature Review With Meta-Analysis.

Global spine journal | 2017 | Rometsch E, Spruit M, Härtl R, McGuire RA

Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Three authors (Elke Rometsch, Brigitte Sandra Gallo-Kopf, and Vasiliki Kalampoki) are employees of AO Foundation in the Department of Clinical Investigation and Do...

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PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Percutaneous vertebral augmentation in fragility fractures-indications and limitations.

European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society | 2017 | Gonschorek O, Hauck S, Weiß T, Bühren V

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 3. Eur Spine J. 2006 Apr;15(4):465-71. doi: 10.1007/s00586-005-1012-5. Epub 2006 Jan 12. Spine fractures caused by horse riding. Siebenga J(1), Segers MJ, Elzinga MJ, Bakker FC, Haarman HJ, Patka P. Author information: (1)Department of Traumatology, Vrije Universiteit medisch centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study and review...

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PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

AOSpine Classification Systems (Subaxial, Thoracolumbar).

Journal of orthopaedic trauma | 2017 | Schnake KJ, Schroeder GD, Vaccaro AR, Oner C

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 6. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2016 Sep;39(9):1306-14. doi: 10.1007/s00270-016-1369-3. Epub 2016 Jun 1. Diffusion-Weighted MRI Assessment of Adjacent Disc Degeneration After Thoracolumbar Vertebral Fractures. Noriega DC(1), Marcia S(2), Ardura F(1), Lite IS(3), Marras M(4), Saba L(5). Author information: (1)Spine Department, Valladolid University Hospital...

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PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Imaging evaluation of traumatic thoracolumbar spine injuries: Radiological review.

World journal of radiology | 2015 | Gamanagatti S, Rathinam D, Rangarajan K, Kumar A

19. Eur Spine J. 2001 Apr;10(2):154-63. doi: 10.1007/s005860000238. Traumatic intervertebral disc lesion--magnetic resonance imaging as a criterion for or against intervertebral fusion. Fürderer S(1), Wenda K, Thiem N, Hachenberger R, Eysel P. Author information: (1)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55101 Mainz, Germany. f...

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Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

Computed Tomography Fracture Patterns, Treatment Approaches, and AO Spine Thoracolumbar Injury Classification Concordance in Thoracolumbar Spine Trauma at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center

International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research | 2026 | Venance Petro, Felister Uisso, Honest Massawe, Adnan Sadiq

ABSTRACT Aim: This study evaluated computed tomography (CT) fracture patterns, treatment approaches, and the association between fracture patterns and management, while assessing concordance between AO thoracolumbar Injury severity score (AOSTSIC) recommendations and actual management among thoracolumbar trauma patients at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC) from 2022 t...

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Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

Comment on “The AO Spine TL Injury Classification System Drives Clinical Decision Making in Acute Thoracolumbar Fractures: A Retrospective Evaluation of Clinical Implementation”

Global Spine Journal | 2026 | Yujia Cai, Xiaoting Li, Qingqiang Zeng

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Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

AO Spine Thoracolumbar and Sacral Injury Classification for the Radiologist

Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology | 2025

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Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

Letter to the Editor: Validation of the AO Spine Thoracolumbar Injury Classification System Treatment Algorithm

Spine | 2024 | Shixiao Zhong, Weichao Li

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Vertebral Fracture.

Journal unavailable | 2023 | Whitney E, Alastra AJ

Conflict of interest statement: Disclosure: Eric Whitney declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. Disclosure: Anthony J Alastra declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. 5. J Orthop Trauma. 2017 Sep;31 Suppl 4:S14-S23. doi: 10.1097/BOT.0000000000000947. AOSpine Classification Systems (Subaxial, Thoracolumbar). Schnake...

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Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

Letter to the Editor Regarding “Retrospective Evaluation of Thoracolumbar Injury Classification System and Thoracolumbar AO Spine Injury Scores for the Decision Treatment of Thoracolumbar Traumatic Fractures in 458 Consecutive Patients”

World Neurosurgery | 2022 | Mohamed M. Aly

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PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Spine fractures caused by horse riding.

European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society | 2006 | Siebenga J, Segers MJ, Elzinga MJ, Bakker FC

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 4. Vertebral Fracture. Whitney E(1), Alastra AJ. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan–. 2023 Apr 3. Author information: (1)Arrowhead Neurosurgical Medical Group The vertebrae are bones in the spine joined by articulations that not only protect the spinal cord but also allow axial loading and support of the limbs....

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Evaluation of long-term surgical treatment outcomes of thoraco-lumbar spinal fractures - follow-up period of over 10 years.

Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM | 2021 | Węgłowski R, Polak P, Piech P

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 16. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2018 Apr 15;32(4):468-475. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.201711052. [Decompression by mini-open posterior approach assisted with microscope for thoracolumbar burst fracture with severe spinal canal stenosis]. [Article in Chinese; Abstract available in Chinese from the publisher] Zhang B(1), Zou H(2), Kong W(2), Wang C...

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Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

Retrospective Evaluation of Thoracolumbar Injury Classification System and Thoracolumbar AO Spine Injury Scores for the Decision Treatment of Thoracolumbar Traumatic Fractures in 458 Consecutive Patients

World Neurosurgery | 2021 | Xavier A. Santander, Gregorio Rodríguez-Boto

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Long-term Behavior of Single-level Thoracic and Lumbar Fractures Treated With Pedicle Screw Fixation.

Clinical spine surgery | 2020 | Rodrigues C, Sousa A, Barros LH, Silva E

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 11. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2015 Jun;29(6):741-5. [BALLOON VERTEBROPLASTY COMBINED WITH SHORT-SEGMENT PEDICLE SCREW INSTRUMENTATION FOR TREATMENT OF THORACOLUMBAR BURST FRACTURES]. [Article in Chinese] Jia Q, Hu L, Yu Y, Wang L, Guo W. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the short-term effectiveness of balloon vertebroplasty combined with short-seg...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Determination of Any Correlation between Sagittal Spinopelvic Configuration and Progressive Collapse of Acute Osteoporotic Compression Spine Fractures: A Retrospective Radiological Analysis.

Asian spine journal | 2020 | Smorgick Y, Geftler A, Goldstein S, Mirovsky Y

Conflict of interest statement: No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. 15. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2021 Jun 14;28(2):339-344. doi: 10.26444/aaem/120051. Epub 2020 Apr 15. Evaluation of long-term surgical treatment outcomes of thoraco-lumbar spinal fractures - follow-up period of over 10 years. Węgłowski R(1), Polak P(2), Piech P(3). Author infor...

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Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

Operative versus Non-Operative Management of Traumatic Thoracolumbar Injuries according to the AO Spine Thoracolumbar Spine Injury Classification System

Arquivos Brasileiros de Neurocirurgia: Brazilian Neurosurgery | 2020 | Andrei F. Joaquim

AbstractIntroduction The AOSpine Thoracolumbar Spine Injury Classification (AOSTSIC) system has been proposed to better characterize injury morphologies and improve the classification of thoracolumbar (TL) spine trauma. However, the indications for surgical treatment according to the AOSTSIC system are still debated. Additionally, the proposed Thoracolumbar AOSpine Injury Score...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Predictive Value of Computed Tomography Scan for Posterior Ligamentous Complex Injuries in Patients with Thoracolumbar Spinal Fractures.

The archives of bone and joint surgery | 2019 | Ganjeifar B, Keykhosravi E, Bahadorkhan G, Mashhadinezhad H

10. Clin Spine Surg. 2020 May;33(4):E151-E157. doi: 10.1097/BSD.0000000000000955. Long-term Behavior of Single-level Thoracic and Lumbar Fractures Treated With Pedicle Screw Fixation. Rodrigues C(1)(2), Sousa A(1)(2), Barros LH(1)(2), Silva E(1)(2), Figueiredo J(1)(2), Rodrigues-Pinto R(1)(2). Author information: (1)Spinal Unit, Department of Orthopaedics, Centro Hospitalar do...

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Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

The AOSpine thoracolumbar spine injury classification system: A comparative study with the thoracolumbar injury classification system and severity score in children: Erratum

OTA International: The Open Access Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma | 2019

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Percutaneous fixation of thoracolumbar vertebral fractures.

EFORT open reviews | 2018 | Sebaaly A, Rizkallah M, Riouallon G, Wang Z

Conflict of interest statement: ICMJE Conflict of interest statement: G. Riouallon declares payment for speaking and/or teaching and travel costs from Medtronic, activity outside the submitted work. 2. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2017 Feb;43(1):9-17. doi: 10.1007/s00068-016-0753-7. Epub 2017 Jan 18. Percutaneous vertebral augmentation in fragility fractures-indications and limitat...

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PubMed Case Report / Series Evidence Low

Thoracolumbar compression fractures - experimental study and clinical case analysis.

Ortopedia, traumatologia, rehabilitacja | 2013 | Cieślik P, Floriańczyk A, Kwiatkowski K, Dąbrowska-Tkaczyk A

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 9. Arch Bone Jt Surg. 2019 Jul;7(4):321-324. Predictive Value of Computed Tomography Scan for Posterior Ligamentous Complex Injuries in Patients with Thoracolumbar Spinal Fractures. Ganjeifar B(1)(2)(3)(4)(5), Keykhosravi E(1)(2)(3)(4)(5), Bahadorkhan G(1)(2)(3)(4)(5), Mashhadinezhad H(1)(2)(3)(4)(5), Ehsaei MR(1)(2)(3)(4)(5), Samini F(1)(2)(3)(4)(5), Pish...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

[Decompression by mini-open posterior approach assisted with microscope for thoracolumbar burst fracture with severe spinal canal stenosis].

Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery | 2018 | Zhang B, Zou H, Kong W, Wang C

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 17. Global Spine J. 2016 Jun;6(4):329-34. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1563610. Epub 2015 Sep 29. The Thoracolumbar AOSpine Injury Score. Kepler CK(1), Vaccaro AR(1), Schroeder GD(1), Koerner JD(1), Vialle LR(2), Aarabi B(3), Rajasekaran S(4), Bellabarba C(5), Chapman JR(6), Kandziora F(7), Schnake KJ(8), Dvorak MF(9), Reinhold M(10), Oner FC(11). Author informatio...

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Crossref Scholarly Work Evidence Unclassified

AO Spine classification of thoracolumbar injuries

Radiopaedia.org | 2018 | Rishabh Verma, Pooyan Khalighinejad, Francis Deng

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Crossref Scholarly Work Evidence Unclassified

AO thoracolumbar fracture classification system (diagrams)

Radiopaedia.org | 2018 | AO Foundation

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Crossref Proceedings Article Evidence Unclassified

Classification of Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures

Spine Surgery Education Programme | 2017 | Max Aebi

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Diffusion-Weighted MRI Assessment of Adjacent Disc Degeneration After Thoracolumbar Vertebral Fractures.

Cardiovascular and interventional radiology | 2016 | Noriega DC, Marcia S, Ardura F, Lite IS

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 7. Global Spine J. 2017 Jun;7(4):350-372. doi: 10.1177/2192568217699202. Epub 2017 Jul 7. Does Operative or Nonoperative Treatment Achieve Better Results in A3 and A4 Spinal Fractures Without Neurological Deficit?: Systematic Literature Review With Meta-Analysis. Rometsch E(1), Spruit M(2), Härtl R(3), McGuire RA(4), Gallo-Kopf BS(4), Kalampoki V(1), Kandz...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

The Thoracolumbar AOSpine Injury Score.

Global spine journal | 2016 | Kepler CK, Vaccaro AR, Schroeder GD, Koerner JD

Conflict of interest statement: Disclosures Christopher K. Kepler, Personal fees: AOSpine, Healthgrades, Inc. Alexander R. Vaccaro, Personal fees: AOSpine, Medtronic, Stryker, Globus, Gerson Lehrman Group, Guidepoint Global, Medacorp, Innovative Surgical Design, Orthobullets, Expert testimony, Ellipse, Spinicity, Spine Medica, Computational Biodynamics, Progressive Spinal Techn...

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Crossref Scholarly Work Evidence Unclassified

AO Spine Masters Series

Thoracolumbar Spine Trauma | 2016

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

[BALLOON VERTEBROPLASTY COMBINED WITH SHORT-SEGMENT PEDICLE SCREW INSTRUMENTATION FOR TREATMENT OF THORACOLUMBAR BURST FRACTURES].

Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery | 2015 | Jia Q, Hu L, Yu Y, Wang L

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 12. Ann Acad Med Singap. 2014 Jan;43(1):24-32. Surgical Outcome in Thoracolumbar Fractures Managed by Short-segment Pedicle Instrumentation. Yang M(1), Ding GZ, Xu ZJ. Author information: (1)Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province 241001, PR China. INTRODUCTION: This study aims to evaluate...

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PubMed Cohort / Comparative Study Evidence Moderate

[Surgical vs. conservative treatment of fractures of the thoracolumbar transition].

Der Unfallchirurg | 2000 | Resch H, Rabl M, Klampfer H, Ritter E

[Indexed for MEDLINE]

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Surgical Outcome in Thoracolumbar Fractures Managed by Short-segment Pedicle Instrumentation.

Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore | 2014 | Yang M, Ding GZ, Xu ZJ

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 13. Eur Spine J. 2009 Oct;18(10):1464-8. doi: 10.1007/s00586-009-1135-1. Epub 2009 Aug 18. Thoracolumbar junction injuries after rollover crashes: difference between belted and unbelted front seat occupants. Inamasu J(1), Guiot BH. Author information: (1)Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA. ginamasu@a...

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Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

AO spine classification system for thoracolumbar fractures

European Spine Journal | 2013 | Max Aebi

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Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

Thoracolumbar Spine Trauma Classification

American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeon | 2010 | Alpesh A. Patel, Alexander R. Vaccaro

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Thoracolumbar junction injuries after rollover crashes: difference between belted and unbelted front seat occupants.

European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society | 2009 | Inamasu J, Guiot BH

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 14. Asian Spine J. 2020 Dec;14(6):872-877. doi: 10.31616/asj.2019.0139. Epub 2020 Jan 8. Determination of Any Correlation between Sagittal Spinopelvic Configuration and Progressive Collapse of Acute Osteoporotic Compression Spine Fractures: A Retrospective Radiological Analysis. Smorgick Y(1)(2), Geftler A(3), Goldstein S(2)(4), Mirovsky Y(2)(4), Blecher R...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Traumatic intervertebral disc lesion--magnetic resonance imaging as a criterion for or against intervertebral fusion.

European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society | 2001 | Fürderer S, Wenda K, Thiem N, Hachenberger R

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 20. Unfallchirurg. 2000 Apr;103(4):281-8. doi: 10.1007/s001130050537. [Surgical vs. conservative treatment of fractures of the thoracolumbar transition]. [Article in German] Resch H(1), Rabl M, Klampfer H, Ritter E, Povacz P. Author information: (1)Landesklinik für Unfallchirurgie Salzburg, Abteilung für Unfallchirurgie, Osterreich. A total of 86 patients...

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Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

Classification of Injuries to the Thoracolumbar Spine

Orthopedic Clinics of North America | 1986 | Robert W. Bucholz, Kevin Gill

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