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Evidence Search

Search reputable indexed orthopaedic literature from multiple scholarly sources, classify the evidence, and link papers directly to wiki topics and cases.

Sources: PubMed, Europe PMC, Crossref

Linking results to Wiki: Gustilo–Anderson — Open Fractures
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Results are classified automatically from source metadata across PubMed, Europe PMC, and Crossref.
PubMed Crossref
PubMed Guideline / Consensus Evidence High

Open fractures of the upper limb - do the BOAST guidelines need an update?

Injury | 2023 | Lancaster P, Eves T, Tennent D, Trompeter A

Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of Competing Interest None. 20. Front Public Health. 2024 Jul 5;12:1331654. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1331654. eCollection 2024. Treatment preferences and current practices regarding open tibial shaft fractures. Qian S(1)(2)(3)(4)(5), Shen Y(1)(2)(3)(4)(5), Sun L(1)(2)(3)(4)(5), Wang Z(1)(2)(3)(4)(5). Author information: (1)Department o...

Open In Orthonotes
PubMed Systematic Review / Meta-analysis Evidence High

Open Pilon Fracture Postoperative Outcomes with Definitive Surgical Management Options: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

The archives of bone and joint surgery | 2021 | Daniels NF, Lim JA, Thahir A, Krkovic M

16. J Orthop Trauma. 2017 Oct;31 Suppl 5:S32-S35. doi: 10.1097/BOT.0000000000000976. Shortening and Angulation Strategies to Address Composite Bone and Soft Tissue Defects. Pierrie SN(1), Hsu JR. Author information: (1)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC. Gustilo-Anderson IIIB tibial fractures and infected tibial nonunions represent partic...

Open In Orthonotes
PubMed Systematic Review / Meta-analysis Evidence High

Prevalence and influencing factors of nonunion in patients with tibial fracture: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research | 2020 | Tian R, Zheng F, Zhao W, Zhang Y

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. 3. Pilon Fracture. Luo TD, Pilson H(1). In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan–. 2023 Aug 8. Author information: (1)Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center Pilon, the French word for pestle, was first used by Etienne Destot in 191...

Open In Orthonotes
PubMed Systematic Review / Meta-analysis Evidence High

Gentamicin-Coated Tibia Nail in Fractures and Nonunion to Reduce Fracture-Related Infections: A Systematic Review.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) | 2020 | De Meo D, Cannari FM, Petriello L, Persiani P

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest. 15. Arch Bone Jt Surg. 2021 May;9(3):272-282. doi: 10.22038/abjs.2020.53240.2641. Open Pilon Fracture Postoperative Outcomes with Definitive Surgical Management Options: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Daniels NF(1), Lim JA(1), Thahir A(2), Krkovic M(2). Author information:...

Open In Orthonotes
PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

A Scoping Review on the Management of Open Fractures in African Trauma and Orthopaedics Centres.

Cureus | 2024 | Zubair AA, Abdullateef R, Davis S, Olaniyi A

Conflict of interest statement: Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at presen...

Open In Orthonotes
PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

IDCRP Combat-Related Extremity Wound Infection Research.

Military medicine | 2022 | Petfield JL, Lewandowski LR, Stewart L, Murray CK

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 6. J Hand Surg Am. 2020 Jun;45(6):523-527. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2020.02.007. Epub 2020 Apr 4. The Management of Pediatric Open Forearm Fractures. Elia G(1), Blood T(2), Got C(2). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Providence, RI; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI. Electronic address: Gregory_elia@brown.e...

Open In Orthonotes
PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

The 50 Most Cited Papers Concerning Open Fractures.

Journal of surgical orthopaedic advances | 2022 | Allegra PR, Yakkanti RR, Greif DN, Desai SS

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 8. Injury. 2022 Jun;53(6):2274-2280. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2022.03.047. Epub 2022 Mar 25. Open ankle fractures: Factors influencing unplanned reoperation. Jaibaji M(1), Sohatee M(2), Watkins C(3), Qasim S(3), Fearon P(3). Author information: (1)Health Education England North East, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom. Electronic address: jaibajimonketh@gmai...

Open In Orthonotes
PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Roles of Trauma CT and CTA in Salvaging the Threatened or Mangled Extremity.

Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc | 2022 | Dreizin D, Smith EB, Champ K, Morrison JJ

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 11. Cureus. 2021 Mar 15;13(3):e13903. doi: 10.7759/cureus.13903. Open Supracondylar Humerus Fractures in Children. Pan T(1), Widner MR(1), Chau MM(2), Hennrikus WL(3). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, USA. (2)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota Twin Cities,...

Open In Orthonotes
PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Open Fractures: Evidence, Evolving Issues, and Recommendations.

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons | 2020 | Garner MR, Sethuraman SA, Schade MA, Boateng H

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 2. J Orthop Surg Res. 2020 Sep 3;15(1):377. doi: 10.1186/s13018-020-01904-2. Prevalence and influencing factors of nonunion in patients with tibial fracture: systematic review and meta-analysis. Tian R(1), Zheng F(1)(2), Zhao W(1)(3), Zhang Y(4), Yuan J(4), Zhang B(1), Li L(5). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopaedics, No.1 Hospital of China Medic...

Open In Orthonotes
PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

The Management of Pediatric Open Forearm Fractures.

The Journal of hand surgery | 2020 | Elia G, Blood T, Got C

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 7. J Surg Orthop Adv. 2022 Summer;31(2):76-85. The 50 Most Cited Papers Concerning Open Fractures. Allegra PR(1), Yakkanti RR(1), Greif DN(2), Desai SS(3), Geller JS(3), Aiyer A(1). Author information: (1)University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital Department of Orthopedics, Miami, Florida. (2)University of Miami Sports Medicine Institute, Miami, Florida...

Open In Orthonotes
PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Prevention of infection in open fractures: Where are the pendulums now?

Injury | 2020 | Rupp M, Popp D, Alt V

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 14. Molecules. 2020 Nov 23;25(22):5471. doi: 10.3390/molecules25225471. Gentamicin-Coated Tibia Nail in Fractures and Nonunion to Reduce Fracture-Related Infections: A Systematic Review. De Meo D(1)(2), Cannari FM(3), Petriello L(1), Persiani P(1), Villani C(1)(2). Author information: (1)Orthopaedic and Traumatology Department, Policlinico Umberto I Hospit...

Open In Orthonotes
PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Open pelvic fracture: the killing fracture?

Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research | 2018 | Hermans E, Edwards MJR, Goslings JC, Biert J

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE: The abovementioned study was reviewed by the medical ethical committee of the Radboudumc and did not fall within the remit of the Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. PUBLISHER’S NOTE: Springe...

Open In Orthonotes
PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

[Primary soft tissue management in open fracture].

Operative Orthopadie und Traumatologie | 2018 | Riechelmann F, Kaiser P, Arora R

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 19. Injury. 2023 Jun;54(6):1416-1420. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2023.04.029. Epub 2023 Apr 15. Open fractures of the upper limb - do the BOAST guidelines need an update? Lancaster P(1), Eves T(2), Tennent D(2), Trompeter A(2). Author information: (1)Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust,. Electronic address:...

Open In Orthonotes
PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Shortening and Angulation Strategies to Address Composite Bone and Soft Tissue Defects.

Journal of orthopaedic trauma | 2017 | Pierrie SN, Hsu JR

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 17. J Orthop Surg Res. 2026 Jun 14;21(1):452. doi: 10.1186/s13018-026-06998-8. Soft-tissue reconstruction timing in ballistic lower extremity open fractures: impact on osteomyelitis and union. Aydilek A(1), Ertaş ES(2), Kara M(3), Kaplan BA(4), Aydın M(3), Çankaya D(3). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Gulhane Training and...

Open In Orthonotes
PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Suprapatellar nailing of tibial fractures-Indications and technique.

Injury | 2016 | Franke J, Hohendorff B, Alt V, Thormann U

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 10. Radiographics. 2022 Mar-Apr;42(2):E50-E67. doi: 10.1148/rg.210092. Roles of Trauma CT and CTA in Salvaging the Threatened or Mangled Extremity. Dreizin D(1), Smith EB(1), Champ K(1), Morrison JJ(1). Author information: (1)From the Division of Trauma and Emergency Radiology (D.D., E.B.S.), Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (D.D., E...

Open In Orthonotes
PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Pilon Fracture.

Journal unavailable | 2026 | Luo TD, Pilson H

Conflict of interest statement: Disclosure: T David Luo declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. Disclosure: Holly Pilson declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. 4. J Orthop Surg Res. 2018 Apr 13;13(1):83. doi: 10.1186/s13018-018-0793-2. Open pelvic fracture: the killing fracture? Hermans E(1), Edwards MJR(2), Gosli...

Open In Orthonotes
PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Soft-tissue reconstruction timing in ballistic lower extremity open fractures: impact on osteomyelitis and union.

Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research | 2026 | Aydilek A, Ertaş ES, Kara M, Kaplan BA

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declarations. Ethics approval: The study protocol was approved by the University of Health Sciences Gülhane Scientific Research Ethics Committee (Approval No: 2025-558, Date: 25.11.2025). The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Consent to participate: Due to the retrospective...

Open In Orthonotes
Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

Adjuvant local antibiotic prophylaxis in Gustilo–Anderson IIIb open fractures: up to 10 years follow-up on clinical outcomes and complications

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research | 2025 | Eito Asano, Hossai Hemat, Abdullah Bin Sahl, Anand Pillai

Abstract Background High-grade open fractures carry a significant risk of osteomyelitis, despite advancements in surgical techniques and treatment protocols. The use of prophylactic, adjuvant local antibiotics is controversially discussed in the literature. CERAMENT®G (BONESUPPORT™) is a novel synthetic bone substitute that effectively elutes gentamicin. This report presents th...

Open In Orthonotes
Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

Does the OTA Open Fracture Classification Align With the Gustilo–Anderson Classification? A Study of 2215 Open Fractures

Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma | 2024 | Murali Kovvur, Kristin E. Turner, Joshua E. Lawrence, Robert V. O'Toole

OBJECTIVES: To characterize the Orthopaedic Trauma Association Open Fracture Classification (OTA-OFC) and Gustilo–Anderson classification of open extremity fractures and determine if there is meaningful alignment between these grading systems. METHODS: Design: Retrospective case series. Setting: Level I academic trauma center. Patient Selection Criteria: Adult patients with at...

Open In Orthonotes
Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

External fixation followed by cast immobilization in the management of gustilo-anderson iiia and iiib open tibial fractures

East African Orthopaedic Journal | 2024 | I.N. Nze, C.U. Ndukwu, A.V. Mbanuzuru, H.O. Obiegbu

Background: The ideal method for definitive management of open tibia fractures has been a subject of debate. Several techniques have been tried with mixed results. Objectives: To describe and present our experience using external fixator interrupted by cast immobilization in the management of  Gustillo-Anderson IIIA and IIIB open tibia fractures guided by the radiographic union...

Open In Orthonotes
PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Open ankle fractures: Factors influencing unplanned reoperation.

Injury | 2022 | Jaibaji M, Sohatee M, Watkins C, Qasim S

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of Competing Interest None. 9. Injury. 2016 Feb;47(2):495-501. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2015.10.023. Epub 2015 Oct 20. Suprapatellar nailing of tibial fractures-Indications and technique. Franke J(1), Hohendorff B(2), Alt V(3), Thormann U(3), Schnettler R(4). Author information: (1)Department of Trauma and Orthopaed...

Open In Orthonotes
PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Open Supracondylar Humerus Fractures in Children.

Cureus | 2021 | Pan T, Widner MR, Chau MM, Hennrikus WL

Conflict of interest statement: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. 12. Cureus. 2024 Sep 8;16(9):e68925. doi: 10.7759/cureus.68925. eCollection 2024 Sep. A Scoping Review on the Management of Open Fractures in African Trauma and Orthopaedics Centres. Zubair AA(1), Abdullateef R(2), Davis S(3), Olaniyi A(4), Joshua I(2), Emma-Nwachukwu M(2), Jessie OO(2)...

Open In Orthonotes