Evidence Search

Orthoplastic Treatment of Open Lower-Limb Fractures Improves Outcomes: A 12-Year Review.

Plastic and reconstructive surgery | 2023 | D'Cunha EM, Penn-Barwell JG, McMaster J, Fries CA

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Disclosure: The authors have no financial interests or conflicts of interest to declare in relation to the content of this article. 20. J Orthop Trauma. 2023 Nov 1;37(11):574. doi: 10.1097/BOT.0000000000002653. High Nonunion and Amputations Rates With Either Early Intramedullary Nail Removal or Retention for Tibial Shaft Fra...

Open tibia/fibula in the elderly: A retrospective cohort study.

JPRAS open | 2022 | Lee A, Geoghegan L, Nolan G, Cooper K

15. Injury. 2023 Jul;54(7):110816. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2023.05.047. Epub 2023 May 14. Predictive factors for fracture-related infection in open tibial fractures in a Sub-Saharan African setting. Fonkoue L(1), Tissingh EK(2), Muluem OK(3), Kong D(4), Ngongang O(5), Tambekou U(5), Handy D(4), Cornu O(6), McNally M(7). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopedics and Trauma,...

Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Open Fractures: Evidence, Evolving Issues, and Recommendations.

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons | 2020 | Garner MR, Sethuraman SA, Schade MA, Boateng H

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 3. Cureus. 2021 Mar 15;13(3):e13903. doi: 10.7759/cureus.13903. Open Supracondylar Humerus Fractures in Children. Pan T(1), Widner MR(1), Chau MM(2), Hennrikus WL(3). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, USA. (2)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota Twin Cities,...

Foot fractures and complex trauma of the foot: a case series.

European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie | 2021 | Letizia S, Mario M, Isabella P, Giulia F

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 6. Children (Basel). 2022 Aug 17;9(8):1243. doi: 10.3390/children9081243. Pediatric Open Long-Bone Fracture and Subsequent Deep Infection Risk: The Importance of Early Hospital Care. Kuhn AW(1), Troyer SC(2), Martus JE(3). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA. (2)Washington Un...

Predictability of In-Hospital Course and Early Resource Utilization in Gustilo-Anderson Type-IIIA and Type-IIIB Open Tibial Fractures Using the Ganga Hospital Scoring System: A Single-Center Study

The Egyptian Orthopaedic Journal | 2026 | mohamed M. Abdelkarem, Aly Mahmmadean, Hossam Abubeih

Adjuvant local antibiotic prophylaxis in Gustilo–Anderson IIIb open fractures: up to 10 years follow-up on clinical outcomes and complications

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research | 2025 | Eito Asano, Hossai Hemat, Abdullah Bin Sahl, Anand Pillai

Abstract Background High-grade open fractures carry a significant risk of osteomyelitis, despite advancements in surgical techniques and treatment protocols. The use of prophylactic, adjuvant local antibiotics is controversially discussed in the literature. CERAMENT®G (BONESUPPORT™) is a novel synthetic bone substitute that effectively elutes gentamicin. This report presents th...

Correction: Adjuvant local antibiotic prophylaxis in Gustilo–Anderson IIIb open fractures: up to 10 years follow-up on clinical outcomes and complications

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research | 2025 | Eito Asano, Hossai Hemat, Abdullah Bin Sahl, Anand Pillai

Treatment preferences and current practices regarding open tibial shaft fractures.

Frontiers in public health | 2024 | Qian S, Shen Y, Sun L, Wang Z

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. 10. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2020 Nov;21(9):766-772. doi: 10.1089/sur.2019.140. Epub 2020 Feb 28. Open Fractures: Are We Still Treating the Same Types of I...

Does the OTA Open Fracture Classification Align With the Gustilo–Anderson Classification? A Study of 2215 Open Fractures

Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma | 2024 | Murali Kovvur, Kristin E. Turner, Joshua E. Lawrence, Robert V. O'Toole

OBJECTIVES: To characterize the Orthopaedic Trauma Association Open Fracture Classification (OTA-OFC) and Gustilo–Anderson classification of open extremity fractures and determine if there is meaningful alignment between these grading systems. METHODS: Design: Retrospective case series. Setting: Level I academic trauma center. Patient Selection Criteria: Adult patients with at...

External fixation followed by cast immobilization in the management of gustilo-anderson iiia and iiib open tibial fractures

East African Orthopaedic Journal | 2024 | I.N. Nze, C.U. Ndukwu, A.V. Mbanuzuru, H.O. Obiegbu

Background: The ideal method for definitive management of open tibia fractures has been a subject of debate. Several techniques have been tried with mixed results. Objectives: To describe and present our experience using external fixator interrupted by cast immobilization in the management of  Gustillo-Anderson IIIA and IIIB open tibia fractures guided by the radiographic union...

Pilon Fracture.

Journal unavailable | 2023 | Luo TD, Pilson H, Pilson H

Conflict of interest statement: Disclosure: T David Luo declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. Disclosure: Holly Pilson declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. 2. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2020 Apr 15;28(8):309-315. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-18-00193. Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Open Fractures: Evidence, Evolving Issues, an...

Bacterial Contamination of Open Fractures: Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in East China.

Journal of personalized medicine | 2023 | Zhong W, Wang Y, Wang H, Han P

Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest. 14. JPRAS Open. 2021 Oct 1;31:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpra.2021.09.003. eCollection 2022 Mar. Open tibia/fibula in the elderly: A retrospective cohort study. Lee A(1), Geoghegan L(1), Nolan G(1), Cooper K(1), Super J(1), Pearse M(2), Naique S(2), Hettiaratchy S(1), Jain A(1). Author information: (1)Departm...

Predictive factors for fracture-related infection in open tibial fractures in a Sub-Saharan African setting.

Injury | 2023 | Fonkoue L, Tissingh EK, Muluem OK, Kong D

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest in relation to this work. 16. J Orthop Trauma. 2009 Aug;23(7):514-8. doi: 10.1097/BOT.0b013e3181a2815a. Compartment syndrome in tibial fractures. Park S(1), Ahn J, Gee AO, Kuntz AF, Esterhai JL. Author information: (1)Department of Orthopaedic Surg...

High Nonunion and Amputations Rates With Either Early Intramedullary Nail Removal or Retention for Tibial Shaft Fracture-Related Infections.

Journal of orthopaedic trauma | 2023 | Jones JK, Ngo D, Cardon M, Mullis BH

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors report no conflict of interest related to this work.

Soft tissue reconstruction of Gustilo-Anderson grade 3B open tibia fractures at a tertiary hospital: a retrospective case series

SA Orthopaedic Journal | 2023 | D Maimin, E Barouni, C Price, D Hudson

Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Gustilo-Anderson Type IIIB Open Fractures in 125 Patients

Cureus | 2023 | Almigdad Ali, Ahmed Aljawadi, Ibrahim H Elkhidir, Camille De-Shoulepnikoff

Open ankle fractures: Factors influencing unplanned reoperation.

Injury | 2022 | Jaibaji M, Sohatee M, Watkins C, Qasim S

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of Competing Interest None. 5. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2021 Aug;31(6):1077-1085. doi: 10.1007/s00590-020-02840-x. Epub 2021 Jan 3. Foot fractures and complex trauma of the foot: a case series. Letizia S(1), Mario M(2), Isabella P(3), Giulia F(2), Danya F(2), Michele R(4), Antonio G(2). Author information: (1...

Pediatric Open Long-Bone Fracture and Subsequent Deep Infection Risk: The Importance of Early Hospital Care.

Children (Basel, Switzerland) | 2022 | Kuhn AW, Troyer SC, Martus JE

Conflict of interest statement: These data were previously presented at the American Orthopaedic Association Annual Leadership Meeting in 2020. 7. EFORT Open Rev. 2018 May 21;3(5):316-325. doi: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.170072. eCollection 2018 May. Open fractures of the lower extremity: Current management and clinical outcomes. Elniel AR(1), Giannoudis PV(2). Author information: (1)...

Patient reported outcomes after definitive open tibial fracture management.

Injury | 2022 | Higgin RP, Palmer J, Qureshi AA, Hancock NJ

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no conflicts of intertest in the submission of this manuscript. 13. J Pers Med. 2023 Apr 26;13(5):735. doi: 10.3390/jpm13050735. Bacterial Contamination of Open Fractures: Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in East China. Zhong W(1), Wang Y(1), Wang H(1), Han P(...

Increased open fracture complications following pediatric all-terrain vehicle accidents.

Injury | 2022 | Torrez TW, Hicks J, Bonner V, Seidenstein AH

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of Competing Interest Timothy W Torrez, James Hicks, Henry Bonner, Alexandra H Seidenstein, Ezan A Kothari, Gerald McGwin, and Shawn R Gilbert declare that they have no conflicts of interest. 18. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2026 Feb 15;34(4):e536-e554. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-24-00961. Epub 2025 Aug 15. Evidence for Syst...

Open Supracondylar Humerus Fractures in Children.

Cureus | 2021 | Pan T, Widner MR, Chau MM, Hennrikus WL

Conflict of interest statement: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. 4. Injury. 2022 Jun;53(6):2274-2280. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2022.03.047. Epub 2022 Mar 25. Open ankle fractures: Factors influencing unplanned reoperation. Jaibaji M(1), Sohatee M(2), Watkins C(3), Qasim S(3), Fearon P(3). Author information: (1)Health Education England North East, Newca...

Infection After Open Long Bone Fractures: Can We Improve on Prophylaxis?

The Journal of surgical research | 2021 | Mener A, Staley C, Boissonneault A, Reisman W

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 9. Front Public Health. 2024 Jul 5;12:1331654. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1331654. eCollection 2024. Treatment preferences and current practices regarding open tibial shaft fractures. Qian S(1)(2)(3)(4)(5), Shen Y(1)(2)(3)(4)(5), Sun L(1)(2)(3)(4)(5), Wang Z(1)(2)(3)(4)(5). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospita...

Open Fractures: Are We Still Treating the Same Types of Infections?

Surgical infections | 2020 | Sudduth JD, Moss JA, Spitler CA, Pham VH

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 11. J Hand Microsurg. 2020 Apr;12(1):56-61. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-3399488. Epub 2019 Nov 22. Factors Influencing Infection Rates after Open Hand Fractures. Reasoner K(1), Desai MJ(2), Lee DH(2). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States. (2)Division of Hand and Uppe...

Factors Influencing Infection Rates after Open Hand Fractures.

Journal of hand and microsurgery | 2020 | Reasoner K, Desai MJ, Lee DH

Conflict of interest statement: Conflict of Interest None declared. 12. Injury. 2022 Nov;53(11):3838-3842. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2022.09.015. Epub 2022 Sep 13. Patient reported outcomes after definitive open tibial fracture management. Higgin RP(1), Palmer J(2), Qureshi AA(2), Hancock NJ(2). Author information: (1)Trauma & Orthopaedic Department, University Hospital Southampton...

A Study on the Outcome of Antibiotic Eluting Intramedullary Interlocking Nails in the Primary Fixation of Gustilo and Anderson Grades II and IIIA Open Fractures of Tibia

JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC CASE REPORTS | 2020 | S Vignesh, Amresh Ghai

Open fractures of the lower extremity: Current management and clinical outcomes.

EFORT open reviews | 2018 | Elniel AR, Giannoudis PV

Conflict of interest statement: ICMJE Conflict of interest statement: P. Giannoudis declares grant/s from Stryker; consultancy for Zimmer Biomet; payment for lectures from Medtronic, activities outside the submitted work. 8. J Surg Res. 2021 Dec;268:33-39. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.05.048. Epub 2021 Jul 17. Infection After Open Long Bone Fractures: Can We Improve on Prophylaxis?...

Gustilo and Anderson classification of open fractures

Radiopaedia.org | 2016 | Craig Hacking, Leonardo Lustosa, Hamish Smith

Classification system for pediatric open fractures

Current Orthopaedic Practice | 2014 | Brian N. Kanz, Kelly D. Carmichael

Compartment syndrome in tibial fractures.

Journal of orthopaedic trauma | 2009 | Park S, Ahn J, Gee AO, Kuntz AF

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 17. Injury. 2022 Oct;53(10):3322-3325. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2022.08.023. Epub 2022 Aug 9. Increased open fracture complications following pediatric all-terrain vehicle accidents. Torrez TW(1), Hicks J(2), Bonner V(2), Seidenstein AH(2), McGwin G(2), Kothari E(2), Gilbert SR(3). Author information: (1)University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen Scho...

L’ostéosynthèse interne dans le traitement des fractures ouvertes Gustilo IIIb de la jambe

European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology | 1996 | B. Schlemmer, P. Giraud, G. Jenny

Interobserver Agreement in Grading of Open Fractures of the Tibia

Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma | 1994 | R. Brumback, A. Jones

Interobserver Reliability in the Gustilo and Anderson Classification of Open Fractures

Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma | 1993 | B David Horn, Michael E. Rettig

Bone Grafting in Open Fractures

Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma | 1988 | R. B. Gustilo

Immediate Internal Fixation in Open Fractures

Orthopedic Clinics of North America | 1980 | John T. Anderson, Ramon B. Gustilo