Orthonotes
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Evidence Search

Search reputable indexed orthopaedic literature from multiple scholarly sources, classify the evidence, and link papers directly to wiki topics and cases.

Sources: PubMed, Europe PMC, Crossref

Linking results to Wiki: Musculoskeletal Infections — Algorithm
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Results are classified automatically from source metadata across PubMed, Europe PMC, and Crossref.
PubMed Crossref
PubMed Randomized Controlled Trial Evidence High

Non-surgical casting versus surgical reduction for children with severely displaced distal radial fractures (the CRAFFT Study): a multicentre, randomised, controlled non-inferiority trial and economic evaluation.

Lancet (London, England) | 2026 | Perry DC, Zimmermann A, Achten J, Nicolaou N

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of interests The University of Oxford received a grant from the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme (17/22/02) on behalf of the authors for the conduct of the trial. DCP is an NIHR Research Professor and Chair of the NIHR Health Technology Assessment (HTA)...

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PubMed Guideline / Consensus Evidence High

Consensus on Risk Factors and Prevention in SSI in Spine Surgery.

Clinical spine surgery | 2020 | Galetta MS, Kepler CK, Divi SN, Boody BS

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 18. J Surg Orthop Adv. 2021 Winter;30(4):212-215. Diagnosis of Prosthetic Joint Infection. Jiranek W(1), Surace P(1). Author information: (1)Duke University, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Durham, North Carolina. An 81-year-old male with an infected aortic valve presents to the orthopaedic service with a painful total knee of unclear chronicity and sev...

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PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Writing Scientific Review Articles.

Current osteoporosis reports | 2024 | Kacena MA, Plotkin LI, Fehrenbacher JC

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: Dr. Kacena is Editor-in-Chief of Current Osteoporosis Reports. Drs. Fehrenbacher and Plotkin are Section Editors for Current Osteoporosis Reports. 3. Shoulder Arthrogram. Roberts CC(1), Escobar E(2). In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–. 2025 Sep 14. Author information: (1)Univers...

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PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Skeletal infections: microbial pathogenesis, immunity and clinical management.

Nature reviews. Microbiology | 2022 | Masters EA, Ricciardi BF, Bentley KLM, Moriarty TF

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no competing interests. 2. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2024 Feb;22(1):115-121. doi: 10.1007/s11914-023-00852-0. Epub 2024 Jan 16. The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Writing Scientific Review Articles. Kacena MA(1)(2)(3)(4), Plotkin LI(5)(6)(7), Fehrenbacher JC(8)(9)(10). Author information: (1)Department of O...

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PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Update in combined musculoskeletal and vascular injuries of the extremities.

World journal of orthopedics | 2022 | Stefanou N, Arnaoutoglou C, Papageorgiou F, Matsagkas M

Conflict of interest statement: Conflict-of-interest statement: Authors declare no conflict of interests for this article. 15. Lancet. 2026 Apr 18;407(10538):1538-1548. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(26)00409-5. Epub 2026 Apr 8. Non-surgical casting versus surgical reduction for children with severely displaced distal radial fractures (the CRAFFT Study): a multicentre, randomised, con...

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PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Infection.

Journal unavailable | 2021 | Hodler J, Kubik-Huch RA, von Schulthess GK, Morrison WB

5. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;971:101-111. doi: 10.1007/5584_2016_153. Algorithm to Diagnose Delayed and Late PJI: Role of Joint Aspiration. Borens O(1), Corona PS(2), Frommelt L(3), Lazarinis S(4), Reed MR(5), Romano CL(6). Author information: (1)Department of Septic Surgery, Orthopaedic-Trauma Unit, Department for the Musculoskeletal System, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland. Olivier.b...

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PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Comprehensive treatment algorithm of postoperative spinal implant infection.

Journal of spine surgery (Hong Kong) | 2020 | Bürger J, Palmowski Y, Pumberger M

Conflict of interest statement: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jss-20-497). The series “Postoperative Spinal Implant Infection” was commissioned by the editorial office without any funding or sponsorship. MP served as the unpaid Guest Editor of the series and serves as an unpaid editor...

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PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Infection after fracture fixation.

EFORT open reviews | 2019 | Steinmetz S, Wernly D, Moerenhout K, Trampuz A

Conflict of interest statement: ICMJE Conflict of interest statement: AT reports grants from Zimmer Biomet paid to his institution outside the submitted work and travel/accommodation/meeting expenses unrelated to activities listed paid to him by Biocomposites. OB reports board membership paid to his institution by Orthopaedic Society, EBJIS, AO Trauma Switzerland; consultancy p...

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PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Imaging of the limping child.

European journal of radiology | 2018 | Bartoloni A, Aparisi Gómez MP, Cirillo M, Allen G

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 10. J Clin Med. 2024 Jun 26;13(13):3718. doi: 10.3390/jcm13133718. Periprosthetic Joint Infections of the Knee-Comparison of Different Treatment Algorithms. Springorum HR(1), Baier C(2), Maderbacher G(2), Paulus A(3), Grifka J(4), Goetz J(5). Author information: (1)Orthopädisches Fachzentrum Weilheim-Garmisch-Starnberg-Penzberg, University Hospital Regensb...

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PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Diagnostic challenges and future perspectives in fracture-related infection.

Injury | 2018 | Morgenstern M, Kühl R, Eckardt H, Acklin Y

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 17. Clin Spine Surg. 2020 Jun;33(5):E213-E225. doi: 10.1097/BSD.0000000000000867. Consensus on Risk Factors and Prevention in SSI in Spine Surgery. Galetta MS(1), Kepler CK, Divi SN, Boody BS, Bronson WH, Segar AH, Russo GS, Mujica V, Yayac M, Goyal DKC, Fang T, Schroeder GD, Vaccaro AR. Author information: (1)Department of Orthopaedics, Rothman Orthopaedi...

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PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Algorithm to Diagnose Delayed and Late PJI: Role of Joint Aspiration.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology | 2017 | Borens O, Corona PS, Frommelt L, Lazarinis S

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 6. Crit Care. 2016 Apr 20;20(Suppl 2):94. doi: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6. 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine : Brussels, Belgium. 15-18 March 2016. Bateman RM(1), Sharpe MD(1), Jagger JE(1), Ellis CG, Solé-Violán J(2), López-Rodríguez M(2), Herrera-Ramos E(2), Ruíz-Hernández J(2), Borderías L(3), Horcajada J(4), González-...

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Crossref Review Article Evidence Moderate

Linezolid in the treatment of orthopaedic bone and joint infections-a systematic literature review

OA Musculoskeletal Medicine | 2013 | K Anagnostakos, P Mosser

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PubMed Case Report / Series Evidence Low

Diagnosis of Prosthetic Joint Infection.

Journal of surgical orthopaedic advances | 2021 | Jiranek W, Surace P

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 19. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2006 Dec;20(6):1045-63. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2006.08.003. Infection and musculoskeletal conditions: Prosthetic-joint-associated infections. Zimmerli W(1). Author information: (1)Basel University Medical Clinic, Kantonsspital, CH-4410 Liestal, Switzerland. werner.zimmerli@unibas.ch In patients with osteoarthritis or arthrit...

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Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

The Gut–Musculoskeletal Axis: Reframing Orthopaedic Disease Through the Microbiome Lens

Nepal Orthopedic Association Journal | 2026 | Bibek Banskota

Orthopaedic practice has traditionally focused on mechanical injury, degeneration, and localized inflammatory processes. Emerging evidence suggests that musculoskeletal health may be significantly influenced by systemic biological networks. Among these, the gut microbiome has gained attention as a key regulator of immune, metabolic, and endocrine pathways influencing bone and j...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Shoulder Arthrogram.

Journal unavailable | 2025 | Roberts CC, Escobar E

Conflict of interest statement: Disclosure: Catherine C Roberts declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. Disclosure: Eduardo Escobar declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. 4. Infection. Morrison WB(1), Kransdorf MJ(2). In: Hodler J(3), Kubik-Huch RA(4), von Schulthess GK(5), editors. Musculoskeletal Diseases 2021-2...

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Crossref Scholarly Work Evidence Unclassified

Imaging of Post-Traumatic and Orthopedic Hardware-Related Appendicular Musculoskeletal Infections

Medical Radiology | 2025 | Matthieu Van Herck, Filip Vanhoenacker, Wouter Huysse, Koenraad Verstraete

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Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

Orthoregeneration in Modern Orthopedic: Biological Strategies for Musculoskeletal Repair and Regeneration

Journal of Orthopaedic Science and Research | 2025 | Bilal Mohamad Ali Obeid

Orthoregeneration has emerged as a transformative paradigm in regenerative medicine, shifting the focus from mechanical interventions to biologically driven strategies for musculoskeletal tissue repair. This approach leverages the therapeutic potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), growth factors and bioengineered scaffolds to overcome the inherent limitations of traditiona...

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Crossref Scholarly Work Evidence Unclassified

Diagnostic Algorithm of Appendicular Musculoskeletal Infections

Medical Radiology | 2025 | Yet Yen Yan, Peter L. Munk, Wilfred C. G. Peh

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Periprosthetic Joint Infections of the Knee-Comparison of Different Treatment Algorithms.

Journal of clinical medicine | 2024 | Springorum HR, Baier C, Maderbacher G, Paulus A

Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest. 11. J Orthop Surg Res. 2019 Mar 13;14(1):78. doi: 10.1186/s13018-019-1122-0. High cure rate of periprosthetic hip joint infection with multidisciplinary team approach using standardized two-stage exchange. Akgün D(1)(2), Müller M(3), Perka C(3), Winkler T(3). Author information: (1)Charité - Universitä...

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Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

Understanding Orthopaedic Infections: A Conceptual Approach

Orthopedic Reviews | 2024 | Gregory Laborde, Christopher Bloise, George Karam

Background Memorizing mounds of facts without having an effective conceptual framework to store them is often an unsuccessful learning style because memory frequently fails without understanding. To accomplish this goal, we offer a framework of ideas called “concept maps”. Of the many strategies for metacognition (that is, thinking about thinking), concept mapping is proven to...

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Crossref Scholarly Work Evidence Unclassified

Surgical Site Infections in Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery

Pediatric Musculoskeletal Infections | 2022 | Aditya Thandoni, Martin J. Herman

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Improving Care and Outcomes for Pediatric Musculoskeletal Infections.

Pediatrics | 2021 | Hester GZ, Nickel AJ, Watson D, Swanson G

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST: The authors have indicated they have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose. 9. Eur J Radiol. 2018 Dec;109:155-170. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2018.10.022. Epub 2018 Oct 27. Imaging of the limping child. Bartoloni A(1), Aparisi Gómez MP(2), Cirillo M(1), Allen G(3), Battista G(4), Guglielmi...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Noninvasive diagnostic of periprosthetic joint infection by urinary peptide markers: A preliminary study.

Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society | 2021 | Omar M, Windhagen H, Krettek C, Ettinger M

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 13. J Spine Surg. 2020 Dec;6(4):793-799. doi: 10.21037/jss-20-497. Comprehensive treatment algorithm of postoperative spinal implant infection. Bürger J(1), Palmowski Y(1), Pumberger M(1). Author information: (1)Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Postoperative spinal implant infection (PSII) is a common...

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PubMed Narrative Review Evidence Moderate

Infection and musculoskeletal conditions: Prosthetic-joint-associated infections.

Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology | 2006 | Zimmerli W

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 20. Bone Jt Open. 2020 Nov 1;1(6):309-315. doi: 10.1302/2633-1462.16.BJO-2020-0067.R1. eCollection 2020 Jun. Dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic in orthopaedics: experiences and procedure in Germany. Mueller M(1), Boettner F(2), Karczewski D(1), Janz V(3), Felix S(4), Kramer A(5), Wassilew GI(3). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopedics, Center for...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

Dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic in orthopaedics: experiences and procedure in Germany.

Bone & joint open | 2020 | Mueller M, Boettner F, Karczewski D, Janz V

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Crossref Scholarly Work Evidence Unclassified

Presurgical Staphylococcal Decolonization for Select Orthopedic Surgeries

Musculoskeletal Infections | 2020 | Michelle Doll, Gonzalo Bearman

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

High cure rate of periprosthetic hip joint infection with multidisciplinary team approach using standardized two-stage exchange.

Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research | 2019 | Akgün D, Müller M, Perka C, Winkler T

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the ethics committee Charite Universitätsmedizin (EA4/040/14). No consent to participate was needed. CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION: Not applicable COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. PUBLISHER’S N...

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Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

Bacteria antibiotic resistance: New challenges and opportunities for implant‐associated orthopedic infections

Journal of Orthopaedic Research | 2018 | Bingyun Li, Thomas J. Webster

ABSTRACT There has been a dramatic increase in the emergence of antibiotic‐resistant bacterial strains, which has made antibiotic choices for infection control increasingly limited and more expensive. In the U.S. alone, antibiotic‐resistant bacteria cause at least 2 million infections and 23,000 deaths a year resulting in a $55–70 billion per year economic impact. Antibiotics a...

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PubMed Original Article Evidence Unclassified

36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine : Brussels, Belgium. 15-18 March 2016.

Critical care (London, England) | 2016 | Bateman RM, Sharpe MD, Jagger JE, Ellis CG

7. EFORT Open Rev. 2019 Jul 15;4(7):468-475. doi: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180093. eCollection 2019 Jul. Infection after fracture fixation. Steinmetz S(1), Wernly D(1), Moerenhout K(1), Trampuz A(2), Borens O(1). Author information: (1)Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland. (2)Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate mem...

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Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

Surgical Site Infections in Treatment of Musculoskeletal Tumors: Experience from a Single Oncologic Orthopedic Institution

Journal of Orthopedic Oncology | 2016 | Barbara Rossi, Carmine Zoccali

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Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

Surgical Site Infections in Treatment of Musculoskeletal Tumors: Experience from a Single Oncologic Orthopedic Institution

Journal of Orthopedic Oncology | 2016 | Barbara Rossi, Carmine Zoccali, Luigi Toma, Virginia Ferraresi

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Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

Musculoskeletal Infections in Immunocompromised Hosts

Orthopedic Clinics of North America | 1991 | P.J. Brennan, M. Pia DeGirolamo

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Crossref Journal Article Evidence Unclassified

Actions and Uses of Antimicrobial Agents in the Treatment of Musculoskeletal Infections

Orthopedic Clinics of North America | 1975 | Conrad J. Wilkowske, Paul E. Hermans

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Crossref Scholarly Work Evidence Unclassified

Orthopaedic Infections

Orthopedic Principles — A Resident's Guide

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Crossref Scholarly Work Evidence Unclassified

The Socio-economic Burden of Musculoskeletal Infections

Infection and Local Treatment in Orthopedic Surgery | K. N. Malizos, L. A. Poultsides

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