Evidence Search

Patellar Dislocation: Workup and Decision-Making.

Cureus | 2023 | Samelis PV, Koulouvaris P, Savvidou O, Mavrogenis A

Conflict of interest statement: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. 7. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2025 Oct 22. doi: 10.1002/ksa.70101. Online ahead of print. Satisfactory midterm clinical results and low incidence of patellofemoral arthritis after MPFL reconstruction for patellar instability, in patients with low-grade trochlear dysplasia. Myl...

Imaging findings and clinical function after combined surgery for recurrent patella dislocation: a comparative study.

Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery | 2023 | Xu H, Yan F, Shen J, Deng Y

Conflict of interest statement: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://qims.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/qims-22-71/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. 9. Patellar Instability. Wolfe S(1), Varacallo MA(2), Thomas JD, Carroll JJ(3), Kahwaji CI(4). In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasur...

MPFL Repair Versus Rehabilitation After Acute First-Time Patellar Dislocation: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis

Journal of ISAKOS | 2023

Evaluation and management of patellar instability.

Annals of joint | 2022 | Dennis ER, Gruber S, Marmor WA, Shubin Stein BE

Conflict of interest statement: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/aoj-2020-02). The series “Sports Related Injuries of the Female Athlete” was commissioned by the editorial office without any funding or sponsorship. BESS reports personal fees from Arthrex, outside the submitted work. In a...

Comparing Nonoperative Treatment, MPFL Repair, and MPFL Reconstruction for Patients With Patellar Dislocation: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine | 2021 | Zhongcheng Liu, Qiong Yi, Liangzhi He, Changjiang Yao

Background: Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction, MPFL repair, and nonoperative treatment are important treatments for patients with patellar dislocation. However, it is unclear which treatment leads to better outcomes. Purpose: To determine the efficacy and safety of the 3 treatments in the treatment of patellar dislocation and compare the effect of MPFL recons...

Rehabilitation After Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction.

Sports medicine and arthroscopy review | 2017 | McGee TG, Cosgarea AJ, McLaughlin K, Tanaka M

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 3. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2025 Dec;33(12):4197-4206. doi: 10.1002/ksa.12637. Epub 2025 Mar 7. Management of first-time patellar dislocation: The ESSKA 2024 formal consensus-Part 2. Balcarek P(1), Blønd L(2), Beaufils P(3), Askenberger M(4), Stephen JM(5), Akmeşe R(6), El Attal R(7), Chouliaras V(8), Ferrua P(9), Minguell Monart J(10), Pagenst...

Acute traumatic patellar dislocation.

Orthopaedics & traumatology, surgery & research : OTSR | 2015 | Duthon VB

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 2. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev. 2017 Jun;25(2):105-113. doi: 10.1097/JSA.0000000000000147. Rehabilitation After Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction. McGee TG(1), Cosgarea AJ, McLaughlin K, Tanaka M, Johnson K. Author information: (1)Departments of *Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation †Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD....

Patellar Dislocation and Fracture After Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction in a Patient With Osteogenesis Imperfecta.

Ochsner journal | 2022 | Carroll CJ, Nammour M, Reese J, Lavie L

16. Ann Jt. 2022 Jan 15;7:2. doi: 10.21037/aoj-2020-02. eCollection 2022. Evaluation and management of patellar instability. Dennis ER(1), Gruber S(1), Marmor WA(1), Shubin Stein BE(1). Author information: (1)The Patellofemoral Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA. Patellar instability is a common clinical problem that primar...

Patellar Instability.

Journal unavailable | 2026 | Wolfe S, Varacallo MA, Thomas JD, Carroll JJ

Conflict of interest statement: Disclosure: Steve Wolfe declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. Disclosure: Matthew Varacallo declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. Disclosure: Joshua Thomas declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies. Disclosure: Jeffrey Carroll declares no relevant fin...

Evaluation of Short-Term Clinical Results Following Isolated MPFL Reconstruction with Superficial Quadriceps or Hamstring Tendon in Patellar Dislocation: MPFL Reconstruction Using Quadriceps Versus Semitendinosus Autograft

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine | 2026 | Yuki Suzuki, Yoshimitsu Aoki, Chiharu Inoue, Hisashi Matsumoto

Objectives: While hamstring autografts are widely used in medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLR), concerns have arisen regarding complications associated with the patella bone tunnel and fixation hardware, such as endobutton. As an alternative, the superficial quadriceps tendon (SQ) has also been used presently. The purpose of the present study is to compare the...

Satisfactory midterm clinical results and low incidence of patellofemoral arthritis after MPFL reconstruction for patellar instability, in patients with low-grade trochlear dysplasia.

Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA | 2025 | Mylonas T, Raoulis V, Konstantinou E, Koskiniotis A

8. Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2023 Jan 1;13(1):271-281. doi: 10.21037/qims-22-71. Epub 2022 Nov 16. Imaging findings and clinical function after combined surgery for recurrent patella dislocation: a comparative study. Xu H(#)(1), Yan F(#)(1), Shen J(#)(2), Deng Y(1), Chen M(3), Li M(1). Author information: (1)Department of Radiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to...

Osteochondral Fracture Associated With Patellar Dislocation: Surgical Treatment.

Video journal of sports medicine | 2025 | Martinez-Cano JP, Mejia FM

Conflict of interest statement: The authors declared that they have no conflicts of interest in the authorship and publication of this contribution. AOSSM checks author disclosures against the Open Payments Database (OPD). AOSSM has not conducted an independent investigation on the OPD and disclaims any liability or responsibility relating thereto. 13. J Clin Med. 2021 Jul 8;10...

Outcomes of a Combined Procedure of Tibial Tubercle Proximalization, MPFL Reconstruction and Extensive Lateral Release for Revision Treatment of Habitual Patellar Dislocation in Flexion in Skeletally Mature Patients

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine | 2025 | Zhijun Zhang, Daofeng Wang, Xuesong Wang, Hui Zhang

Background: Habitual patellar dislocation in flexion (HPD-F) is a rare condition in skeletally mature patients. Current literature reports that tibial tubercle proximalization has achieved favorable clinical outcomes for such patients. However, there are no studies to date reporting the clinical outcomes of revision surgery for skeletally mature HPD-F patients after failure of...

Framing Patellar Instability: From Diagnosis to the Treatment of the First Episode.

Journal of personalized medicine | 2023 | Maggioni DM, Giorgino R, Messina C, Albano D

Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest. 18. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2019 Nov;27(11):3660-3667. doi: 10.1007/s00167-019-05489-0. Epub 2019 Mar 27. Generalized joint hypermobility does not influence clinical outcomes following isolated MPFL reconstruction for patellofemoral instability. Hiemstra LA(1)(2), Kerslake S(3), Kupfer N(4...

MPFL Behavior in Traction Tests after Width Equalization of Patellar and Femoral Insertions

Journal of Orthopedic Research and Therapy | 2023

Stellenwert des MPFL-Bracings in der operativen Therapie der Patellaluxation

Arthroskopie | 2023 | Peter Balcarek, Felix Zimmermann

Factors Associated With Pain and Function Before Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction.

Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine | 2022 | Corey RM, Rabe J, Yalcin S, Saluan P

Conflict of interest statement: One or more of the authors has declared the following potential conflict of interest or source of funding: R.M.C. has received education payments from Elite Orthopedics and Smith & Nephew and hospitality payments from Acumed. P.S. has received education payments from Rock Medical, speaking fees and consulting fees from Arthrex, and honoraria from...

Lateral release associated with MPFL reconstruction in patients with acute patellar dislocation.

BMC musculoskeletal disorders | 2022 | Kheir N, Salvatore G, Berton A, Orsi A

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no competing interests. The authors declare that they have no competing interests with this work. 12. Video J Sports Med. 2025 Oct 23;5(5):26350254251379507. doi: 10.1177/26350254251379507. eCollection 2025 Sep-Oct. Osteochondral Fracture Associated With Patellar Dislocation: Surgical Treatment. Martinez-...

Paper 54: MPFL Repair has a Higher Failure Rate at Long-term Follow-up compared to MPFL Reconstruction for Recurrent Patellar Instability

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine | 2022 | Ryan Wilbur, Bryant Song, Jory Wasserburger, Christopher Camp

Objectives: The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is the primary soft tissue restraint to lateral patellar translation and is often disrupted with a lateral patellar dislocation. Surgical management for recurrent patellar instability focuses on restoring MPFL function with repair or reconstruction techniques. Recent studies have favored reconstruction over repair, but no lo...

Coronal and Transverse Malalignment in Pediatric Patellofemoral Instability.

Journal of clinical medicine | 2021 | Palmer RC, Podeszwa DA, Wilson PL, Ellis HB

Conflict of interest statement: None of the authors or any member of his or her immediate family, has no funding or commercial associations (e.g., consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article. The authors declare no conflict of interest. 14. EFORT Open Rev. 2...

Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction in Traumatic Patellar Dislocation without Patellar Fixation.

The journal of knee surgery | 2020 | Ibrahim SA, Shohdy EM, Ramadan SA, Almisfer AK

[Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: None declared. 11. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022 Feb 11;23(1):139. doi: 10.1186/s12891-022-05013-5. Lateral release associated with MPFL reconstruction in patients with acute patellar dislocation. Kheir N(#)(1), Salvatore G(#)(2), Berton A(#)(2), Orsi A(3), Egan J(1), Mohamadi A(1), DeAngelis JP(4), Ramappa AJ(4), Longo UG(...

INCIDENCE OF 2 nd SURGERY AFTER MPFL RECONSTRUCTION AND SIMULTANEOUS OSTEOCHONDRAL FRACTURE FIXATION IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS TREATED FOR PATELLAR DISLOCATION

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine | 2020 | Lindsay M. Schlichte, Alexandra H. Aitchison, Daniel W. Green

Background: Osteochondral fractures occur in 5-15% of cases of acute or recurrent patellar dislocations. In these settings, early surgical intervention with biodegradable fixation nails is recommended to optimize healing. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of recurrent instability and second surgery following osteochondral fracture fixation with c...

Short Oblique Patellar Tunnels for Patellar Fixation Do Not Increase Fracture Risk in MPFL Reconstruction: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine | 2020 | Milos Lesevic, Matthew Deasey, Zachary Burnett, David Diduch

Objectives: The current standard of care for recurrent patellar instability is reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL), the primary soft tissue constraint to lateral subluxation of the patella. Historically, transpatellar bone tunnels have been associated with increased rates of patella fracture. To avoid this dreaded outcome, many surgeons now employ suture...

Double-Bundle Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction With Allograft.

Arthroscopy techniques | 2019 | Rosinski A, Chakrabarti M, Gwosdz J, McGahan PJ

5. Orthop J Sports Med. 2022 Aug 26;10(8):23259671221116150. doi: 10.1177/23259671221116150. eCollection 2022 Aug. Factors Associated With Pain and Function Before Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction. Corey RM(1), Rabe J(2), Yalcin S(3), Saluan P(4), Farrow LD(4). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Guthrie Clinic, Geisinger Commonwealth School o...

Generalized joint hypermobility does not influence clinical outcomes following isolated MPFL reconstruction for patellofemoral instability.

Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA | 2019 | Hiemstra LA, Kerslake S, Kupfer N, Lafave MR

[Indexed for MEDLINE] 19. Arthrosc Tech. 2013 Nov 15;2(4):e491-5. doi: 10.1016/j.eats.2013.07.009. eCollection 2013 Nov. Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction procedure using a suspensory femoral fixation system. Nakagawa S(1), Arai Y(1), Kan H(1), Ueshima K(1), Ikoma K(1), Terauchi R(1), Kubo T(1). Author information: (1)Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of M...

Patellar Dislocation

Essential Orthopedic Review | 2018 | Steven F. DeFroda

Patella Dislocation in Children and Adolescents.

Zeitschrift fur Orthopadie und Unfallchirurgie | 2017 | Höhne S, Gerlach K, Irlenbusch L, Schulz M

[Indexed for MEDLINE]

Patellar Dislocation

The Orthopedic Consult Survival Guide | 2017 | Jonathan D. Hodax

Patella instability in children and adolescents.

EFORT open reviews | 2016 | Hasler CC, Studer D

Conflict of interest statement: Conflict of Interest: CH has received financial support outside of the current work in the form of consultancy fees from DePuy Synthes. 15. Ochsner J. 2022 Spring;22(1):80-84. doi: 10.31486/toj.21.0025. Patellar Dislocation and Fracture After Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction in a Patient With Osteogenesis Imperfecta. Carroll CJ(1), N...

MPFL Repair for Acute Patella Dislocation

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine | 2016 | Steven Lawrie, James Welsh

Objectives: To report on the findings of a single surgeon series of MPFL(medial patello-femoral ligament) repair in the treatment of first time patella dislocation. Methods: 47 patients with 49 MPFL repairs for first time patella dislocation have been reviewed. All patients had pre-operative x-ray and MRI to define pathology, site of MPFL injury, presence of loose body/bodies,...

Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction procedure using a suspensory femoral fixation system.

Arthroscopy techniques | 2013 | Nakagawa S, Arai Y, Kan H, Ueshima K

20. Z Orthop Unfall. 2017 Apr;155(2):169-176. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-122855. Epub 2017 Apr 28. Patella Dislocation in Children and Adolescents. [Article in English] Höhne S(1), Gerlach K(1), Irlenbusch L(2), Schulz M(2), Kunze C(3), Finke R(1). Author information: (1)Department of Surgical and Conservative Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine/Pediatric Surgery, Martin-Luther-Univers...

Traumatic Patellar Dislocation

Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics | 2012 | Ross Baxter Willis, Gregory Firth

The Management of Recurrent Patellar Dislocation

Orthopedic Clinics of North America | 2008 | Jack Andrish

Tibiofemoral rotation after isolated MPFL reconstruction in recurrent patellar dislocation with elevated TT–TG distance

Journal unavailable | QingLyu Shi, RunZe Li, Hua Li, LiChao Zhang

Abstract Background This study aimed to retrospectively present the radiologic outcomes in a cohort with recurrent patella dislocation (RPD) who have an elevated tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance (> 20 mm) following isolated medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (i-MPFL-R), and to exhibit the tibiofemoral rotation in RPD patients. Methods RPD patients wi...