Three arches: medial & lateral longitudinal, and transverse (anterior/posterior). Keystone bones: talus (medial longitudinal), cuboid (lateral), intermediate cuneiform (transverse). Static supports: plantar fascia (central band), spring ligament, long/short plantar ligaments, interosseous ligaments. Dynamic supports: tibialis posterior/anterior, peroneus longus, FHL/FDL, intrinsic plantar muscles via windlass mechanism. Functions: shock absorption, distribution of load across hindfoot–midfoot–forefoot, energy storage/return in gait. Clinical: pes planus (flexible vs rigid; PTTD), pes cavus (neuromuscular); tests—Jack’s, Hubscher, Coleman block. Radiology: Meary’s angle, calcaneal pitch, talo‑navicular coverage, talo‑first MT angle; weight‑bearing X‑rays essential. Surgical principles: correct hindfoot alignment first, then forefoot; preserve/restore spring ligament and tibialis posterior function.
Case Presentation A 32-year-old male presented with severe pain and swelling in the midfoot following a road traffic accident. The patient report...
Introduction Calcaneal fractures are the most common fractures of the tarsal bones and typically occur following high-energy axial loading injuri...
Which bone is considered the keystone of the medial longitudinal arch?
What is the primary static supporter of the medial longitudinal arch?
Which arch of the foot is primarily responsible for shock absorption and energy storage during gait?
What is the clinical significance of the windlass mechanism?
Which test is specifically used to assess flexible flatfoot?
In pes cavus, which of the following is a common cause?
Meary's angle is used to assess which condition?
Which of the following structures is a dynamic supporter of the medial longitudinal arch?
What is the primary goal when surgically correcting flatfoot deformity?
Which imaging technique is essential for evaluating the arches of the foot?
