v4.1 Fusion X
Most common cause of adult acquired flatfoot; due to PTT degeneration/rupture. Stages I–IV (Johnson & Strom classification). Clinical: medial ankle pain, progressive collapse of medial arch, hindfoot valgus. Imaging: MRI shows tendon degeneration; weight-bearing X-rays show arch collapse. Treatment: Stage I—orthoses, NSAIDs; Stage II—tendon transfer + osteotomy; Stage III/IV—arthrodesis.
What is the most common cause of adult acquired flatfoot deformity?
In the Johnson & Strom classification, what characterizes Stage I PTTD?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing posterior tibial tendon dysfunction?
What is the primary clinical sign indicating forefoot abduction in adult acquired flatfoot?
Which imaging modality is best to assess tendon degeneration in PTTD?
What is the recommended initial treatment for Stage II PTTD?
In Stage III PTTD, which of the following is likely to be observed?
What is the appropriate surgical intervention for Stage IV PTTD with tibiotalocalcaneal involvement?
Which clinical test assesses the ability of the posterior tibial tendon to support the medial arch?
What is the significance of the 'too many toes' sign in PTTD?