Viable (hypertrophic/oligotrophic) vs non‑viable (atrophic, necrotic, defect, comminuted). Radiographic callus indicates biology; absence suggests poor biology. Guides treatment: stability alone for viable; add graft/biologics for non‑viable. viable → improve stability; nonviable → improve stability + add biology.
What is the primary classification system used to categorize nonunions based on biological activity?
In the Weber & Cech classification, which type of nonunion is characterized by excellent vascularity and abundant callus?
What is the primary treatment principle for a hypertrophic nonunion?
Which type of nonunion is defined by the presence of some vascularity but minimal callus formation?
Which of the following factors is NOT part of the 'diamond concept' that contributes to fracture healing?
What is the recommended treatment for an oligotrophic nonunion?
Which of the following conditions is considered a systemic factor that can contribute to nonunion?
In the context of nonunion treatment, what is the significance of radiographic callus formation?
Which type of nonunion is characterized by a lack of vascularity and biological activity, often requiring both stabilization and biological intervention?
What is the FDA definition of a nonunion?
