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Patellofemoral Instability

Common in young females; often after acute lateral dislocation. Risk factors: trochlear dysplasia, patella alta, increased TT-TG distance, ligamentous laxity. Clinical: recurrent dislocation, apprehension sign, medial tenderness. Imaging: MRI shows MPFL injury, chondral damage; CT for TT–TG. Management: conservative after first dislocation; MPFL reconstruction ± tibial tubercle osteotomy for recurrent cases.

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Common in young females; often after acute lateral dislocation. Risk factors: trochlear dysplasia, patella alta, increased TT-TG distance, ligamentous laxity. Clinical: recurrent dislocation, apprehension sign, medial tenderness. Imaging: MRI shows MPFL injury, chondral damage; CT for TT–TG. Management: conservative after first dislocation; MPFL reconstruction ± tibial tubercle osteotomy for recurrent cases.
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