v4.1 Fusion X
Seddon: neuropraxia, axonotmesis, neurotmesis; Sunderland expands to 5 degrees based on structural disruption. Degree I: conduction block; II: axonal disruption intact endoneurium; III: endoneurial disruption; IV: perineurial disruption intact epineurium; V: complete transection. Prognosis worsens with increasing degree; surgical exploration/grafting typically for IV–V. EMG/NCS guide prognosis and timing; Tinel’s progression marks regeneration (~1–3 mm/day).
What is the primary structural disruption in Sunderland Grade I nerve injury?
In Sunderland Grade II nerve injury, which structure remains intact?
Which Sunderland grade corresponds to complete transection of the nerve?
What is the expected recovery time for a Sunderland Grade I injury?
Which type of nerve injury is characterized by misdirection of regenerating axons?
What is the primary mechanism of recovery in Sunderland Grade II injuries?
What is the main prognostic factor in Sunderland Grade IV injuries?
What is the typical rate of axonal regeneration following a peripheral nerve injury?
What is the significance of Tinel's sign in the context of peripheral nerve injury?
Which Sunderland grade is characterized by intact endoneurium but disrupted perineurium?