v4.1 Fusion X
Menisci are fibrocartilaginous structures aiding load transmission, stability, and lubrication. Types: longitudinal, horizontal, radial, flap, bucket...
Most common carpal instability; due to disruption of scapholunate ligament. Clinical: wrist pain, weakness, clicking; positive Watson’s test. Radiolog...
Avascular necrosis of lunate; affects young adults, more in men. Risk factors: negative ulnar variance, trauma, vascular anomalies. Lichtman staging I...
Avulsion of extensor tendon at DIP joint; may involve bony fragment. Mechanism: sudden forced flexion of extended DIP (e.g., ball injury). Clinical: i...
Trigger finger: stenosing tenosynovitis of flexor tendon sheath (A1 pulley). Symptoms: painful clicking/locking of finger; risk in diabetics, RA. De Q...
Lateral deviation of great toe with medial eminence (bunion). Risk factors: female gender, footwear, ligamentous laxity, pes planus. Clinical: pain, c...
Spectrum: cellulitis, abscess, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis. Principles: Early recognition, debridement, targeted antibiotics, stabilization, soft‑...
HIV patients prone to bacterial (Staph aureus), mycobacterial (TB), fungal infections. Salmonella is a classic cause of osteomyelitis in HIV, especial...
Neuropathic osteoarthropathy due to sensory/autonomic neuropathy—diabetes most common cause. Eichenholtz stages: I (fragmentation), II (coalescence),...
Goal: prevent surgical site infections (SSI). Airflow: laminar, HEPA, positive pressure. Staff: gown, glove, mask, restrict movement. Instruments: aut...