Orthonotes
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PCL prevents posterior tibial translation; stronger than ACL. Mechanism: dashboard injury (posterior force on tibia), hyperflexion. Clinical: posterio...
Involves disruption of ≥2 major knee ligaments; often from high-energy trauma. Common patterns: ACL + PCL ± collateral injuries. Associated with vascu...
Most common compressive neuropathy; due to compression of median nerve at carpal tunnel. Symptoms: nocturnal paresthesias, hand clumsiness, thenar atr...
High medial longitudinal arch with hindfoot varus and forefoot equinus/abduction. Etiology: neuromuscular disorders (CMT disease most common), trauma,...
Achilles tendon is most frequently injured tendon; common in athletes and middle-aged weekend warriors. Tendinopathy: degenerative process due to over...
Most common cause of adult acquired flatfoot; due to PTT degeneration/rupture. Stages I–IV (Johnson & Strom classification). Clinical: medial ankle pa...
Caused by recurrent hemarthrosis in hemophilia A/B leading to synovitis, cartilage loss, and arthritis. Target joints: knee, ankle, elbow—recurrent bl...
Surgical emergency: cartilage can be destroyed within 24–48 hours; prompt drainage + antibiotics is critical. Children: hematogenous origin common; hi...
Second most common osteoarticular TB after spine; insidious monoarthritis progressing through stages. Typical deformity: flexion, adduction, external...
Common site of osteoarticular TB after spine and hip; presents with chronic monoarthritis. Phemister triad on X‑ray: peri‑articular osteopenia, margin...