Orthonotes
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Benign proliferative synovial lesion; localized or diffuse type. Common in knee (80%) and hip; presents with pain, swelling, recurrent effusion. MRI:...
Lodwick classification describes patterns of bone destruction on radiographs. Type I: geographic (IA sclerotic rim, IB sharp margin, IC ill-defined)....
Most common primary malignant tumor of bone (plasma cell dyscrasia). CRAB features: hyperCalcemia, Renal failure, Anemia, Bone lesions (lytic). X‑ray:...
Malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin; >50 histological subtypes. Enneking staging: based on grade (low/high), compartment (intra/extra), metastasis...
Locally aggressive benign tumor in skeletally mature adults (20–40 yrs). Campanacci classification: Grade I (latent), II (active), III (aggressive wit...
Expansile blood-filled benign tumor in children/young adults. Common sites: metaphysis of long bones, spine posterior elements. X-ray: blow-out lesion...
Developmental fibro‑osseous lesion replacing normal bone with fibrous tissue. Types: monostotic (70%), polyostotic; associated with McCune–Albright (c...
Biopsy should be performed only by definitive surgical team at referral center. Types: core needle (preferred), incisional, excisional. Incision along...
High‑grade intramedullary osteosarcoma affects metaphyses of long bones in adolescents (distal femur, proximal tibia, proximal humerus). Workup: **X‑r...
Benign: slow, well circumscribed, no metastasis. Malignant: rapid, infiltrative, metastasis. Histology: benign differentiated; malignant atypia, mitos...