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Chondrosarcoma — Grades & Surgery

Second most common primary malignant bone tumor after osteosarcoma, usually >40 years. Common sites: pelvis, femur, humerus, ribs. Graded histologically (I–III); dedifferentiated and mesenchymal subtypes more aggressive. X‑ray: rings‑and‑arcs calcification, endosteal scalloping, cortical breach. Treatment: Wide surgical resection is mainstay; chemo/radiotherapy are ineffective.